博士生资格考试制度的实践和探索——以中国科学院研究生院为例

本文阐述博士生资格考试制度的起源和现状,分析我国建立博士生资格考试制度的必要性,并结合中国科学院研究生院在推行博士生资格考试中的实践与探索,对在中国建立资格考试制度提出了一些思考和建议。     

台北科技大学技职教育研究所博士生培养模式评介

博士生培养模式是影响博士生培养质量的关键因素。台北科技大学技职教育研究所的博士生培养模式从构造样式到运行方式都有其独特之处,对我国大陆职业技术教育学博士生培养具有一定的启迪价值。     

‘Untold’ doctoral stories: can we move beyond cultural narratives of neglect?

This article examines the stories of 24 social sciences doctoral students in three universities, one in Canada and two in the UK, who experienced challenging roads to completion. While their stories confirm earlier findings, they also provide insight into how students' agency and personal networks of relationships may be critical, both as resources and constraints. We argue that these ‘untold stories’ of student agency coupled with supervisor narratives of students ‘not measuring up’ can contribute to a culture of institutional neglect. Pedagogies emphasizing an ethic of care and relational rather than regulatory practices are essential if these conditions are to change.     

Preparing doctoral candidates for the viva: issues for students and supervisors

The PhD viva has been described as mysterious (Burnham 1994 Burnham, P. 1994. Surviving the doctoral viva: Unravelling the mystery of the Ph.D. oral. Journal of Graduate Education, 1: 30–34.  [Google Scholar]; Morley et al. 2002 Morley, L., Leonard, D. and David, M. 2002. Variations in vivas: Quality and equality in British PhD assessments. Studies in Higher Education, 27(3): 263–273. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), unpredictable (Rugg & Petre 2004 Rugg, G. and Petre, M. 2004. The unwritten rules of PhD research, Maidenhead: Open University Press.  [Google Scholar]) and potentially frightening for students (Delamont et al. 2004 Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. and Parry, O. 2004. Supervising the doctorate: A guide to success, Maidenhead: Open University Press.  [Google Scholar]), with its form and duration a function of the predilections of individual examiners as well as a function of differences across disciplines. Despite its myriad manifestations, the PhD viva voce (live voice), as oral examination of the doctoral thesis, constitutes the final ‘test’ of the PhD endeavour. In the UK, this is a private event, though in some countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands, for example, the viva is conducted in a public arena (Delamont et al. 2004 Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. and Parry, O. 2004. Supervising the doctorate: A guide to success, Maidenhead: Open University Press.  [Google Scholar]). Although there is no standard or prescribed format, students across all disciplines can expect to defend their thesis through a process involving questioning, clarification and discussion of key elements. This critical commentary discusses a number of issues that inform the preparation of students, focusing on the role of the internal and external examiner, the viva voce process, guidance for students and some practical suggestions for supervisors and students, particularly the value of full role-play in building students’ confidence. The extent to which the doctoral viva, in its current ‘secret’ form, can be seen as a fully accountable and independently rigorous process is taken up in the conclusion that highlights the phenomenon of ‘cosy’ reciprocal examining arrangements, the spectre of litigation when things go wrong and the need to consider a fundamental review of both the purpose and conduct of the viva.     

Imagined and emerging career patterns: perceptions of doctoral students and research staff

Increasingly, research staff positions rather than lectureships are the reality for social sciences PhD graduates wishing academic work. Within this context, our longitudinal study examined how social science doctoral students and research staff in two UK universities imagined their futures in and out of academia. The variation over time in how they viewed their futures is examined through the lens of identity-trajectory. The results emphasise how individuals balanced their academic intentions with social, personal and physical desires and constraints. The results also enrich understanding of early academic career experience and the conceptualisation of identity-trajectory. Research and policy implications are considered.     

从声望排名到质量改进——美国博士生教育评估模式的演进

自1924年首次实施博士生教育质量评估以来,美国博士生教育评估模式经历了以休格斯和肯尼斯顿为代表的声望研究、以美国教育委员会实施的两次质量评估为代表的客观指标研究和以全美研究委员会为代表的相关定量研究三个阶段。评估方法论的不断改进也意味着质量评估的目的从单纯的声望排名转向了真正的质量改进。     

顾维钧关于中国近代不平等条约的认识——以其博士论文为中心

顾维钧在他的博士论文中对不平等条约进行了透彻的分析,对鸦片战争以来中国受到的侵略、外交上的丧权辱国等问题作出了论述。他提出了不平等条约的产生、对国家主权的认识、不平等条约与国际法的关系、不平等条约对中国造成的危害等内容。民国时期,顾维钧为修改不平等条约作了不懈的努力,提高了中国的国际地位。     

A new approach to evaluating the well-being of PhD research students

This study describes the development of an assessment to evaluate the well-being of PhD researchers using a clinically approved methodology that places the perceptions and experiences of the subject population at the heart of its construction. It identifies and assesses the range and relative importance of seven distinct dimensions which are shown to impact adversely on the perceived well-being of student researchers across all stages of their studies. According to the findings, the well-being of doctoral students comprises needs relating to development, facilities, home and health, research, social, supervisor and university. The instrument was found to demonstrate good content validity and internal reliability. Its use offers new insights into the experiences of early career researchers and may inform efforts to better support them. This, in turn, may have a positive impact upon retention levels and future career choices for this research population.     

Coping with loneliness: A netnographic study of doctoral students

This study aims to fill an empirical void in our understanding of how doctoral students, both domestic and international, cope with loneliness and isolation, and what types of tactic they use during different phases of their doctoral studies to overcome such issues. Data gathered through a netnographic study show that loneliness is a major problem for both domestic and international students and that it occurs at different stages of the doctoral study. Tactics used by participants to deal with this issue include multiple forms of (face to face and online) social interaction, professional development and escape from the doctorate. The paper discusses avenues for further research alongside some practical recommendations that might be implemented at universities to decrease feelings of isolation among students and further reduce drop-out rates.     

中美高等教育学博士研究生培养制度的比较研究——基于厦门大学与斯坦福大学的案例分析

厦门大学与斯坦福大学的高等教育学博士研究生培养步骤或环节设置基本一致,都包括对培养目标、修业年限、课程教学、实践实习、学业考核、学位论文等的规定.美国保障博士研究生教育质量的最根本的策略,比如跨学科的辅修计划、规范的研究方法训练、兼具勤工助学性质的助教与助研制度、严格的博士学位候选人资格考试、强大的政策执行力度等对我国博士研究生的培养是有借鉴意义的.