Monitoring child health: school doctors at work in a Dutch rural area (1930–1970)

From 1948 the World Health Organization expected child hygiene to include mental health. This article discusses the way school doctors adapted their activities and concerns accordingly in the mid-twentieth century in an agrarian-industrial area of the Netherlands. In spite of an improvement in pupils’ physical health they shifted their attention only to a limited extent towards mental health. Nevertheless, it became an important aspect of their work, as they stimulated activities they conceived of as promoting both physical and mental health, such as gymnastics and swimming. Their key interest concerned mental deficiency and the promotion of special schooling. In this respect they played a very active role, to the extent of producing ‘feeblemindedness’ and learning disabilities. At the same time the school doctors clung to their traditional ideal of supporting the school’s effectiveness by trying to reduce possible dangers threatening pupils’ learning capacity and, increasingly, their mental well-being.     

Using Plant Clinic Registers to Assess the Quality of Diagnoses and Advice Given to Farmers: A Case Study from Uganda

Abstract

Purpose: This study developed a framework for quality assessment of diagnoses and advice given at plant clinics.

Design/methodology/approach: Clinic registers from five plant clinics in Uganda (2006–2010) were used to develop quality assessment protocols for diagnoses and advice given by plant doctors. Assessment of quality of diagnoses was based on five validation criteria applied on the ten most common crops. Quality of advice was assessed for the four major problems considering efficacy and feasibility.

Findings: The quality of diagnoses varied between crops, from 68% completely validated in maize to 1% in tomato. Complete and partially validated diagnoses were 44% of all queries. The remaining 56% were rejected. Several basic weaknesses were found in data recording and symptom recognition. A greater consistency and precision in naming diseases would increase the number of completely validated diagnoses. The majority of recommendations (82%) were assessed ‘partially effective’. ‘Best practice’ was recommended for 10% and ineffective advice was given in 8% of the cases with considerable variation between diseases.

Practical implications: Plant doctors need more training in symptom recognition, pest management and record keeping as well as better technical backstopping to solve unknown problems. Common standards and procedures for clinic data collection and analysis should be established, and roles and responsibilities clearly defined.

Originality/value: This is the first time plant clinic registers have been used to systematically assess quality of plant clinic services. Apart from being a valuable tool for quality assessment of extension, the plant clinic registers constitute a novel source of regular information about pests, diseases and farmer demand that can help improve decision-making of extension service providers, researchers, plant health authorities as well as information and technology providers.     

浅谈口腔医学专业学位研究生与住院医师规范化培训并轨模式下的临床科研能力训练

目前口腔医学专业学位研究生培养与住院医师规范化培训"双轨合一"培养模式存在研究生科研能力弱化问题,导致其难以在后续工作中独立承担科研任务,阻碍职业发展。从改革背景出发,分析"双轨合一"模式下研究生临床科研能力培养现状,探讨提高专业学位研究生临床科研能力的可行方案,以实现"双轨合一"研究生临床技能与科研能力的协同提高。     

浅谈培养临床医师如何看待及改善医患矛盾

医患矛盾目前已经上升为国内医疗行业的主要矛盾之一。近年来,全国不同地区频繁出现各类伤医事件,对医疗界的影响非常大。医患矛盾究竟伤害最大的是哪方,这种不理智行为背后的真正原因又是什么,如何在平时带教过程中指导临床医师正确认识医患矛盾。本文回答的是:医患矛盾伤害的是医患双方的利益,临床医师要客观分析医患矛盾的主要原因。由于医患矛盾影响重大,临床医师要充分认识医患矛盾的本质,提出改善医患矛盾的可能途径。     

全科医师岗位培训教学计划的制定及相关问题探讨

通过制定全科医师岗位培训班教学计划 ,探讨、分析本培训教学计划所引发的一些问题并提出解决问题的思路和办法。     

改善医患关系的临床教学分析

文章就当今社会医患关系的冲突原因及改善进行了临床教学上的分析。     

农医定向培养生毕业后一年轮转及管理模式探讨

学生毕业后医学教育是整个医学教育体系中极其重要的一个阶段,是继医学基础教育后发展各种能力为目标的医学教育阶段,是院校医学教育过渡到继续医学教育的桥梁,起着承前启后的作用。第一届农医定向培养生即将跨入毕业后医学教育。探讨农医定向培养生毕业后一年轮转及管理模式,可以填补农医定向培养生的毕业后医学教育模式的空白;可以更新教育教学观念,优化人才培养方案,形成符合社区医学发展要求的临床医学专业人才培养方案。     

English for Medical Purposes:Design a Course for Chinese Clinical Doc tors for Overseas Exchange

The English level of the staff is generally intermediate since they have learned general English and medical English during their college and universities,the courses can be intensively taught in two months with three courses every week.The proficiency level of the exchanged clinical doctors,their linguistic needs as well as the communicative needs will be imaginatively illustrated according to the literatures which are about the medical staff’s needs for English as a surviving tool of working in foreign hospitals.     

农村赤脚医生研究综述

赤脚医生是活跃在中华人民共和国农村初级医疗卫生服务历史上的重要群体,他们对当时农民的健康做出了巨大贡献。学术界对这一群体进行了一定的研究,形成了一批研究成果,但是也存在很多薄弱环节。要深化这一领域的研究,应该在研究对象、研究内容、研究思路以及研究视角等方面实现创新。     

安徽省乡村医生队伍发展现状、问题与建议

乡村医生承担着维护我国广大农村居民健康的重要职责。安徽乡村医生数量整体有所增加,但接诊能力比较弱,多不愿留在基层,职业风险无人分担,经济收入和养老待遇低。积极推行乡村医生签约服务,建立乡村医生风险分担机制,优化乡村医生队伍结构,降低乡村医生执业证书考试要求,完善乡村医生补偿和养老政策,是加强安徽省乡村医生队伍建设的重要措施。