美国“SEC”一致性分析范式的诠秤与启示——基础教育中评价与课程标准一致性的视角

美国在基于课程标准的教育改革以及学校教学要求偏低的现实背景下，致力于研制“SEC”（Surveys of Enacted Curriculum）等一致性分析范式，即分析评价与课程标准一致性程度的理念、程序和方法，推动了美国学校基于课程标准的评价实践。该范式对我国课程评价的启示在于：要认识到评价与课程标准一致性策略是调适课程运行偏差的重要手段；要立足本土化，研制评价与课程标准一致性分析的程序和方法。     

ADHD: The Untold Truths of the ADEP (Australian Deficit in Educational Policy)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that predominantly results in behaviours associated with hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention that are frequently not conducive to successful learning and academic performance. Children who display these behaviours often require extra assistance, adjustments, and accommodations in the classroom in order to achieve their full potential. This article reviews Australian and New South Wales Discrimination, Disability and Education legislation, policy and procedures with respect to the education of students with ADHD. This review illustrates the need to standardise the definition of disability used throughout Australia, and to more firmly clarify an education provider’s responsibilities toward students with disabilities. With more clarity, students with ADHD will be provided with the additional educational and behaviour support they need in order to realise their full potential.     

Counselor Educators' Experiences Preparing Preservice School Counselors: A Phenomenological Study

The authors conducted a phenomenological study to explore the experiences of 32 school counselor educators preparing preservice school counselors. Analysis of data from 3 focus groups revealed 3 themes: breadth versus depth, balancing specialties and professor partiality, and preparation versus practice. These results highlight the need for collaboration across counseling specialties at the preservice level.     

论英国合格教师专业标准与教师职前培训要求

英国教师标准局和英国师资培训署在2002年6月共同颁布了《英国合格教师专业标准与教师职前培训要求,》旨在提高教师的专业标准,提升教育质量。其内容主要包括两方面:一是教育大臣标准,这是受训教师在获得合格教师资格之前必须要达到的标准;二是对教师职前培训的提供者和教师资格授权人的要求。我国新一轮的基础教育课程改革需要一批高素质的教师,势必在教师标准和教师培训方面提出新的要求,英国的这项标准给我们提供了很好的借鉴。     

从文体学的角度看翻译标准

翻译标准是翻译理论的核心，文体再现又是翻译标准的核心。对翻译标准文体理论的系统再认识，有利于再现原文的文体特征，从而明确文体学对翻译标准确立的意义。     

滇南方言的特点和范围

讨论划分方言可以采用的各种标准,结合滇南方言的语音特点和特征,确立了划分滇南方言采用具有“单一性”、“一致性”、“排他性”特征的“音质标准”,并在此基础上划分了滇南方言的范围,同时,也对某些讨论滇南方言的不确切观点提出了商榷意见。     

The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

Enhancing self-regulation of practice: the influence of graphing and self-evaluative standards

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of graphing of self-recorded outcomes and self-evaluative standards on the acquisition of a motoric skill with 70 college students. It was postulated that students who were provided with graduated self-evaluative standards would surpass those who were provided with absolute standards or no standards (control) in both motoric skill and in motivational beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, attributions, and self-satisfaction). Regarding graphing of self-recorded outcomes, it was hypothesized that students who graphed their results visually would show higher dart skill and stronger motivational beliefs than participants who did not graph their results. Support was found for these hypotheses. The implications of findings of this study were discussed for instructors in terms of how the effects of self-directed practice can be enhanced.     

21世纪:中国成人高等教育的目标和培养规格--从中美两所大学相关问题的比较研究谈起

通过对国内外大学教学计划和课程设计的教学与比较,以及对我国成人高等教育历史上所确立的教育目标,培养规格,专业培养目标和课程指导思想的检讨和反思,有肋于我们科学在确定21世纪中国成人高等教育才培养规格。     

俄罗斯关于普通教育标准的争论

20世纪90年代中期以来，俄罗斯政治和教育界一直在进行有关“是否需要教育标准”的讨论。本文考察了俄罗斯普通教育标准的讨论及其产生过程，分析了普通教育标准的特点。