Topic variability and criteria in interpretational history teaching

This paper studies the teacher perceived applicability of historical topics for interpretational history teaching and the criteria teachers use to evaluate this applicability. For this study, 15 expert history teachers in the Netherlands striving for interpretational history teaching were purposefully selected. Teachers were asked to mention historical topics using a ranking task technique to rank topics in order of applicability and to elaborate on how the topics were ranked. The results showed a large variation in perceived applicability among topics, both within and between teachers. Eight different topic-applicability criteria were discerned in the teachers’ elaborations: (1) topic knowledge; (2) topic affinity; (3) topic constructedness; (4) topic deconstructability; (5) topic abstractedness; (6) topic sensitivity; (7) topic materials; and (8) topic inclusion in the history curriculum. We found that teachers tended to judge topics as applicable for interpretational history teaching partly depending on the degree of ‘canonised interpretativity’ in lesson materials and the curriculum, and to the degree to which they belonged to ‘cold’ (morally neutral) or ‘hot’ (morally sensitive) history. A theoretical implication of the findings is that interpretational history teaching is topic-dependent. Teachers can be supported to teach history as interpretation by structured pedagogies.     

A Fresh Theoretical Perspective on Practice‐Led Research

Practice‐led research in art and design has now come of age and can take its place alongside other forms of research at the academic ‘high table’. It no longer needs to be treated with ‘special consideration’ as a new form of intellectual enquiry. The research craft developed by those involved in practice‐led research admits them to a broader community of practice engaged in questioning the conceptual basis of how we perceive and make sense of the world around us. The objective/subjective divide that preoccupied an earlier generation of academics has eventually been replaced by a more nuanced epistemological framework able to embrace PhDs that include non‐textual artefacts as part of their exposition. An increasing number of academic institutions around the world have taken up the debate and now participate in practice‐led research programmes. However, for early‐career researchers in these fields there are still many hurdles to overcome, some of which are unique to this form of endeavour, as we outline. This article has been developed from a series of seminars and workshops presented by the authors to early‐career practice‐led researchers as part of their Project Dialogue programme which seeks greater engagement between the arts and sciences.     

Ethical issues of online communication research

The paper addresses severalethical issues in online communication researchin light of digital ontology as well as theepistemological questions raised by theblurring boundary between fact and theory inthis field. The concept of ontology is used ina Heideggerian sense as related to the humancapacity of world construction on the basis ofthe givenness of our being-in-the-world.Ethical dilemmas of Internet research thusarise from the tension between bodily existenceand the proper object of research, i.e., onlineexistence. The following issues are beingconsidered: online identity, online language,online consent and confidentiality. We alsoargue that research ethics in the US followsthe utilitarian tradition, while Europeanresearchers are deontologically oriented. Aguideline of best practice in online researchethics is proposed.     

领域分析范式视角下知识组织中若干问题研究

从领域分析范式的视角研究知识组织的若干基本理论问题,包括主题分析、分类法、语义关系和知识组织的基本原则等。对国外该方面研究的最新进展进行述评,并从情报学学科整体建设出发阐述领域分析范式的作用与意义。     

如何设计“以学习为中心”的学习空间?——以小学阶段为例

设计"以学习为中心"的学习空间,是推动教学结构向学习结构转型的基础。针对当前学习空间设计研究缺乏学理依据、实践操作性不强、"以学习为中心"难以体现的问题,文章以发生认识论为学理基础,首先指出教育工作者应以学段和认知层次设计学习空间;随后,文章从发生认识论和学习空间的交界点学习活动切入,构建了发生认识论视角下的学习空间设计模型;最后,文章以小学阶段为例提出了学习空间设计方案,即从第一学段(1~3年级)到第二学段(4~6年级),物理场所需从逼真逐步走向深刻,虚拟场所需从体现趣味转为注重关联,工具性客体需从易理解操作转为促进抽象认知,而对象性客体需从重直观发展为关注抽象。文章期望能够推进教育领域设计遵循教育规律的学习空间,以响应我国教育新型基础设施建设战略要求。     

我国学前教育研究方法的现状分析

本文以涉及学前教育研究方法探讨的学术著作和相关期刊为研究对象,发现近20年来学前教育研究方法取得了令人瞩目的成就,但在实际运用和理论研究方面都还存在着一些值得我们重视的问题。     

身体的意义:从现象学的视角看体育运动的认识论价值

传统身心二元论扬心抑身,包括体育运动在内的身体运动从性质上被视为没有任何认识论价值。现象学的“返回事物本身”促使人们重新关注身体运动中那种第一人称的、原初的身体体验,而这种身体体验恰恰构成了心智与认知的最基本素材。具身认知主张,认知是一种具身的行动,身体的感觉运动模式塑造了人们的思维风格。以这种观点看待体育运动,则作为一种特殊身体活动方式的体育运动必然影响人们认识世界的方式,因而具有重要的认识论意义。     

浅谈认识论在竞技运动中的应用及探究

从辩证唯物主义的哲学、心理学的思考角度,对竞技运动战术的基本原则、基本特征等问题作出初步探讨,进一步了解现代竞技战术的理论体系及应用,促进体育科学的理论研究和竞技运动水平的提高。     

古希腊体育运动的实践智慧及其当代意义

本文首先阐析了古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的实践智慧说,具体展示了实践智慧中蕴含的实践知识性中的权衡和直觉这两个概念和实践智慧区别于理论智慧的身体性特点,将其落实在伦理学和政治学层面上的个人的善于国家的善这两个维度上。继而,从古希腊体育运动中蕴藏的身体——自然、个人——国家这两个隐喻出发,揭示古希腊体育运动中包含的实践知识和与实践智慧的相互契合。最后,以体育与知识的关系为基础,凸显古希腊体育运动中的实践智慧在体育哲学的认识论研究中的作用。     

关于虚拟实在本质的认识论研究述评

虚拟实在是目前的一个热点话题,在对虚拟实在的研究中,认识论方面的研究既是研究的热点,又是分歧较多之所在。而对这些问题的探讨以对实在本身的探讨为基础和前提,因此,梳理并评价对实在本身已有的认识论的研究,是在当代语境下对实在本身进行进一步研究的基础,也是对虚拟实在等具体实在进行深入研究的必要准备。