太原方言声母及声调对学说普通话的干扰

以太原方言为母语的人在学说普通话时，除了有太原方言韵母的干扰外，还有太原方言声母及声调的干扰。     

外语教学中错误纠正探讨

外语教学中的错误纠正应具备选择性 ,把握适当时机 ,方法要灵活多样 ,而不应该机械地套用某一个固定的模式。     

物理化学燃烧热试验探讨

本分析各种版本燃烧热试验内容操作，结合本身试验，提出行之有效的实验方法。     

Discussion on Negative Transfer of Chinese on Senior School Students' Writing

There commonly exists a phenomenon of negative transfer of Chinese in our students' English writing. Grammar, vo?cabulary, and expression are marked by the interference of Chinese which greatly imped...     

Dealing with errors in mathematics classrooms: Structure and relevance of perceived error climate

Errors are often perceived by students as self-threatening and not as learning opportunities. The present work focuses on contextual influences on reactions to errors and learning processes. Based on prior research, a conceptualization of perceived error climate in the classroom with eight subdimensions and one superordinate uniform factor is proposed and a newly developed student questionnaire for its assessment is presented. Results of a study with N = 1116 students from 56 mathematics classrooms in German secondary schools indicated the validity of the error climate conceptualization and the suitability of the questionnaire. Moreover, the results showed that perceived error climate in the classroom predicted the adaptivity of students’ individual reactions to errors above and beyond perceived classroom goal structures and personal achievement motivation (academic self-concept, mastery goal orientation). In addition, the study provided evidence that perceived error climate affects – partially mediated through students’ individual reactions to errors – the quantity and self-regulation of students’ effort.     

String formatting considered harmful for novice programmers

In Java, System.out.printf and String.format consume a specialised kind of string commonly known as a format string. In our study of first-year students at the Ateneo de Manila University, we discovered that format strings present a substantial challenge for novice programmers. Focusing on their first laboratory we found that 8% of all the compilation errors and 100% of the exceptional, run-time behaviour they encountered were due to the improper construction of format strings. Format strings are a language unto themselves embedded within Java, and they are difficult for novice programmers to master when learning to program. In this article, we present exemplars of students' problematic interactions with the Java compiler and run-time environment when dealing with format strings, discuss these interactions, and recommend possible instructional interventions based on our observations.     

Statistics,truth, and error reduction in sport and exercise sciences

Abstract

Academics have a responsibility to ensure that their research findings are as truthful as possible. InIn every issue of a scientific journal, a large number of significance tests are reported (usually using P <0.05). Of course, most of these results will be true/correct. Unfortunately, due to the nature of sampling, researchers will occasionally make errors, often referred to as type I (probability = α) and type II (probability = β) errors. The power of a test (1-β) is the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis – that is, correctly detecting a real or true effect. Factors that are known to influence power include: (1) the level of significance (α), (2) the size of the difference or relationship in the population (the effect), (3) the sample size, and (4) unexplained error variance. As researchers, we have little control over most of these factors. The one factor that we have some influence over, however, is the ability to reduce the unexplained error variance. In the present article, we describe a range of methods that will increase the probability that a researcher has correctly identified a real effect by increasing the power of their statistical tests. Such methods will include ways of designing experiments to reduce error and uncertainty. The use of blocking and randomized block designs will reduce unexplained error, such as adopting matched or repeated-measures designs rather than using independent observations. The other method of reducing unexplained errors is to adopt more appropriate (e.g. biologically correct) models and checking the distribution assumptions associated with such models. In conclusion, researchers are responsible for maximizing the likelihood that their results are as accurate and truthful as possible. By carefully planning their experiments and adopting appropriate models, researchers are more likely to publish their findings with a greater degree of confidence, but not certainty.     

两类错误与单边检验关系

在单边假设检验的原假设与备择假设选择问题上,不同的选择方式将导致不同的检验结果,文章基于第一类错误与第二类错误的度量给出了正态总体单边假设检验问题原假设与备择假设选择的一般准则,该方法同样适用于其它不同的单边假设检验问题。     

拓扑向量空间中修改的带误差Mann迭代序列的强收敛定理

在实拓扑向量空间中,修改了带误差的Mann迭代序列。进一步地,在一定条件下,证明了带误差的Mann迭代序列在修改前与修改后的收敛性等价。     

《唐代墓志汇编续集》录文校补

《唐代墓志汇编续集》对于研究唐代历史文化具有重要的意义。在认真对照拓片的基础上,利用文字学、词汇学、历史学等方面的知识：全面校读《唐代墓志汇编续集》所收录的唐代墓志录文,发现其录文在校勘方面存在着一些可商之处,如一些释文的讹误和脱漏,列举数例并分条校补。