An Experimental Research on Error Patterns in Written Subtraction

Pupils' mistakes, if suitably analysed, may give useful suggestions for improving the teaching/learning process of mathematics. We present here the main issues of an investigation on a population of 732 Italian pupils (9–12 years old), addressed to determine the typology of errors in performing written subtraction. We compared our results with those emerging from a study carried out in Brazil on pupils of the same age, concerning the errors in performing the usual algorithm of written subtraction. In our study, one group of Italian pupil utilized the usual algorithm and another group utilized an algorithm also called ‘Austrian subtraction', which was commonly taught in the primary schools of Trieste (Italy) up to the sixties and is still taught in Austria. We attempted to assess whether certain error patterns depend on different ethnic–cultural situations, teaching methods and algorithm used, and to what extent. We briefly present results from the experimental research and subsequent developments.     

论船位误差圆及其应用

本文指出[1]、[2]对船位均方误差圆缺乏科学的严格的定义,提供的均方误差圆覆盖真船位的概率某些数据是不正确的;同时从概率统计的角度论述船位均方误差圆的定义,计算覆盖真船位的概率、95%误差圆半径及船位误差圆在航海中的一些应用。     

从认知特征谈科技论文的编辑加工

通过对科技论文特点的分析,提出了利用人类认知的一般特征来分析并发现科技文稿中的典型学术性问题和科学内容差错的方法,并介绍文稿编辑加工的新思路和新方法。     

评议长沙市广告标语的汉译英缺陷

广告标语的翻译在我国社会生活中越来越多。本文指出了长沙市某些广告标语翻译的失误，指出了错误的原因，并提出了可行性建议来纠正这样的错误。     

公示语汉译英误译的分析

目前在许多城市,公示语逐渐采用中英双语来表示,而公示语的汉译英存在着不少的问题。本文通过实例分析了公示语在使用中存在的这些问题,希望能够唤起越来越多的人对公示语翻译质量的重视,以使其更加规范和谐。     

非英语专业学生的语法错误类型及诱因分析

根据错误分析的理论并参考国内外有关语言错误研究的实例,以探讨学生在英语学习中出现的常见语法错误类型及诱因为目的,本研究从青海省3所大学抽取386名非英语专业的学生,采用命题作文的方式进行了英语写作测试,并从测试试卷中提取2344例可辨认语言错误从语法角度进行分类和讨论。通过大量的例句,分析和比较各类错误产生的原因及所占比例,另外在各年级间还做了量化比较,以期发现高年级和低年级的学生所出错误之差异及变化规律。     

Spanish-speaking children’s spelling errors with English vowel sounds that are represented by different graphemes in English and Spanish words

Vowels in Spanish have direct one-to-one letter-sound correspondences, whereas vowels in English usually have multiple spellings. For native Spanish-speaking children learning to spell in English, this transition from a shallow to a deep orthography could potentially cause difficulties. We examined whether the spelling of English vowel sounds was particularly difficult for native Spanish-speaking children, and whether the errors are consistent with Spanish orthographic rules. Twenty-six native Spanish-speaking and 53 native English-speaking children in grades 2 and 3 were given real-word and pseudoword spelling tasks in English that included words containing four vowels that have different spellings between Spanish and English. Results supported our hypothesis—native Spanish-speaking children committed significantly more vowel spelling errors that were consistent with Spanish orthography. The number of vowel spelling errors not consistent with Spanish orthography did not differ between the two language groups. These findings suggest that orthographic properties of the children’s native language influence their learning to spell in a second language. Educational implications address how knowledge of this cross language influence can aide teachers in improving spelling instruction.     

大理古城公示语日语翻译研究

本文以大理古城公示语日语错译为例,以功能翻译理论为指导,分析和探讨公示语的中日翻译。订正不规范的日语公示语,对今后公示语翻译的规范化提出建议,为加大少数民族文化对外宣传的力度、提升大理的国际知名度、有效促进中日友好交流的发展献策。     

英语教育误区浅析

中国是全世界英语教育开展最为广泛的国家之一,也是世界上对英语教育最为重视的。在举国共抓的形势下,我们的英语教育,英语学习目前又处于怎样一种状况下呢？在中国学过英语的人全球数量第一,而能运用英语的人在中国被当做人才看待。可以说在学习效果和重视程度间存在着极大的不平衡。中国的英语教育存在很多亟待解决的误区。只有解决这些问题,中国的英语教育才能真正达到教育的目标。     

剖析用拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数实验误差的原因

任何物理实验不可避免会产生实验误差,一般实验误差呈正态分布,有的实验结果偏大,有的实验结果偏小,这样实验误差才正常。而用拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数的实验误差大小主要取决于操作是否合理,操作准确无误,误差就小。所以老师应该在学生操作之前讲清楚如何拉膜以及拉膜过程中一定要做到玻璃套筒上的刻度线,与反光镜面上刻度线以及玻璃套筒上的刻度线的镜像线三线合一,否则就会产生比较大的实验误差。让学生在操作之前就知道出现误差真正的原因,在实验操作过程中尽量避免出现操作的误差。