Revisiting free school meal eligibility as a proxy for pupil socio‐economic deprivation

Whether someone has ever had free school meal (FSM) eligibility over a six‐year period is the measure of socio‐economic disadvantage currently used in the English school system. It is used to monitor the socio‐economic gap in achievement in the education system, to identify particular children at risk of low achievement and to direct funding to particular children and schools. In this paper we assess how well this measure predicts pupil attainment in secondary school in comparison to other measures of socio‐economic background known to influence pupil attainment, such as parental education or income. We ask whether the FSM measure is an adequate proxy for a pupil's socio‐economic disadvantage in an educational context. To do this we draw on the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England and matched administrative data. We find that the FSM eligibility measure correlates highly with other measures of socio‐economic disadvantage, however it does not identify all children living in what would be deemed deprived households. We then compare the extent to which the FSM eligibility measure predicts educational achievement relative to other measures of deprivation and find that its predictive power is only marginally lower than many richer survey measures. This provides some reassurance on its use in policy.     

论豪放与婉约风格的不同话语方式

豪放与婉约，是学风格审美表现形态中最基本的两种。章着重从语言美学的视角，对二由于语言表达方式、常规修辞与艺术修辞等话语方式的不同而呈现出的不同的审美特征进行比较性分析。     

电子在长直载流导线磁场中运动的自发辐射

根据电子在长直载流导线磁场中的运动和相对论性电子产生辐射的一般规律，计算并分析了电子在这种磁场中运动所产生的自发辐射强度分布，最后的结果中包含一个重要因子sin2η，正是它把自由电子的自发辐射与受激辐射联系起来了。     

叙事学视野下《野草》的话语模式分析

鲁迅《野草》中包含了三种话语模式,即独白模式、对话模式和自由间接引语模式。这些具有不同表达效果的话语模式的运用,生动地展现了鲁迅对精神世界的探索和自我灵魂的剖析,表达了他复杂的情感体验和思想矛盾。     

A reconsideration of Marx’s idea of “association of free individuals”

The whole Marxist theory centers on the emancipation and freedom of human beings, the naming of his highest ideal as ‘association of free individuals’ being the clear proof. However, it would be superficial to announce Marxism as humanism of individualism according to Marx’s pursuit of ‘free development of each’. The ‘free development of each’ put forward by Marx when describing the ‘association of free individuals’ refers to individuals’ re-subjecting their social relations that have been changed into material powers owing to private ownership and alienation. In this sense, the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all. In this very sense, too, the foundation of the real community is required as the presupposition so as to relate his theory of freedom to the theory on the elimination of private ownership and the alienation and elimination of class and state finally. Project supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(No. 00BZZ001) and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Ministry of Education, China.     

金属中自由电子气能量的研究

本文根据费米气体模型理论,研究金属中自由电子气的能量,讨论电子的最高能量、平均能量和电子气的能级密度.     

卢梭和马克思的异化理论比较

法文“aliéner”和“aliénation”现在通译成“异化”,它的本意是“转让”“出卖”。卢梭是在现代意义上使用“异化”概念的第一人,他认为,文明社会中的人与其正当的需求和本性相异化。马克思则认为,“异化”就是主体在发展过程中由于自身的活动而产生出自己的对立面———客体,而这种客体又成为一种外在的异己的力量反过来反对主体自身。他比较看重的是劳动异化。两位大师的异化理论,对处在现代化进程中的中国有着重要的启示。     

新形势下的报纸改革

本就新形势下报纸如何提高新闻宣传质量，坚持正确的舆论导向，开展必要的舆论监督，进一步贴近群众，贴近生活等问题，提出了一些个人看法和建议。     

必须重视报纸版面的美化

版面是报纸各种内容编排布局的整体表现形式，是报纸发言的工具，是吸引读者的手段。版面编排要遵循和谐、均衡、对比、韵律的审美原则，做到图文并重、色彩和谐，并注意字符、线条的变化，布白合理。     

沈从文作品中的时间形式

叙事时间是小说叙述的最基本层面，又是小说形式中最尖端的操作项目，对时间的沉思是作家人生探索的最高层次。在缺乏具体时间认定的沈从文作品中，我们可以看到他对叙事时间丰富而深刻的把握：对叙事时间的巧妙控制使《边城》的结构成为一个精美的“完型”，其中的人物体现出“自由意志”；其他小说中，时间成为命运的显现形态；“反复叙事”催生出“地志小说”；时间还是沈从文历史思考和生命体验的维度。