高校自治:全球大学面临的共同挑战和机遇

高校自治是全球公立大学今后发展的新趋势,它使全球公立大学面临严峻的挑战,而我国公立大学也将面临更加严酷的考验。高校自治同时也为全球高校自身的健康发展提供良机,自治后的大学将在科研、教学、管理和财政支出等方面享有更多的自主权。更重要的是,高校自治将有利于提高我国高校的现代化水平,包括教育投资体制改革和高等教育的国际化等,促使我国从教育大国走向教育强国。     

Access to and participation in the arts: The case of those with low incomes/educational attainment

This paper looks at the issue of access to the arts in terms of the very unequal attendance at and audiences for the high arts by educational grouping. The meaning of equal access is analysed, recent data for two countries, namely the United States and Ireland, are examined and new evidence is proffered. The constraints/barriers to, and the rationale for, more equal attendance/audiences are examined. The paper concludes by outlining a number of possible responses to this continuing problem.This paper was presented at the 9th international conference of the Association for Cultural Economics, held in Boston, May 8–11, 1996.     

Funding,evaluation, and the performance of national research systems

Understanding the quality of science systems requires international comparative studies, which are difficult because of the lack of comparable data especially about inputs in research. In this study, we deploy an approach based on change instead of on levels of inputs and outputs: an approach that to a large extent eliminates the problem of measurement differences between countries. We firstly show that there are large differences in efficiency between national science systems, defined as the increase in output (highly cited papers) per percentage increase in input (funding). We then discuss our findings using popular explanations of performance differences: differences in funding systems (performance related or not), differences in the level of competition, differences in the level of university autonomy, and differences in the level of academic freedom. Interestingly, the available data do not support these common explanations. What the data suggest is that efficient systems are characterized by a well-developed ex post evaluation system combined with considerably high institutional funding and relatively low university autonomy (meaning a high autonomy of professionals). On the other hand, the less efficient systems have a strong ex ante control, either through a high level of so-called competitive project funding, or through strong power of the university management. Another conclusion is that more and better data are needed.     

Education as Economic Investment: Comments on Tuition Fee Policy

Student fees for university programmes in Canada have risen dramatically in recent years. This has been justified by the argument that such increases offer no economic disincentive to students seeking university admission. The present essay comments on that argument and finds several weaknesses in it. Fee increases may still be necessary, but this argument at least does not establish that they are innocuous.     

Performance Funding in Higher Education: The Effects of Student Motivation on the Use of Outcomes Tests to Measure Institutional Effectiveness

This study obtained data from 1,633 students who took the Collegiate Assessment of Academic Proficiency (CAAP) to evaluate whether the English, math, and critical thinking exams should be used as performance funding measures in the state. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized to demonstrate that the use of the exams was problematic because students failed to give the assessments their best effort. Other variables in the analysis included level of English and math completed, grade point averages for English and math, cumulative grade point averages, and student characteristics. Policy implications for performance funding are also addressed in the study.     

Developing the Librarians' Role in Supporting Grant Applications and Reducing Waste in Research: Outcomes From a Literature Review and Survey in the NIHR Research Design Service

ABSTRACT

Librarians and information specialists' involvement during the development of grant applications for external funding can save researchers' time, provide specialist support, and contribute to reducing avoidable waste in research. This article presents a survey of information specialists working for the National Institute for Health Research's Research Design Service within English applied health services research and a scoping review to identify other examples of librarians supporting grant applications. The survey found that support included: verifying proposed research has not already been performed; searching literature to provide background for the project; and advising on or writing systematic review methods. The scoping review found three examples where librarians were involved: in writing sections of the application; conducting reviews, and becoming a co-applicant. We recommend librarians engage with researchers by checking whether search requests are to support an application and by becoming familiar with resources and techniques to support grant proposal development.     

博士生希望什么样的培养环境——基于博士生意见调查的实证研究

博士生对院校培养工作的意见是进行培养环境优化的重要依据。基于1200余名博士生调查数据,采用混合式研究方法展开探索,结果发现:第一,博士生意见集中在奖助体系、导师指导、考核评价和学术交流上,具体内容分别指向奖助学金支持力度不够,导师的学术指导缺位,考核评价方式固化单一,学术交流机会不足;第二,在学科差异上,理工科博士生的导师指导满意度和科研自由度得分较低,并且相比其它学科学生提出较多导师指导方面的意见,人文学科博士生更加支持采用1篇论文代表作的评价方式,并且相比其它学科学生提出较多考核评价方面的意见。基于上述发现提出博士生培养环境的改进对策。     

高校研究生资助工作存在的主要问题及对策——以华中科技大学为例

党的"十九大"明确提出要健全学生资助制度,加快一流大学和一流学科建设。良好的研究生资助工作有利于保障研究生基本生活和学术研究需求,促进学科发展和学校建设。华中科技大学现已建立起较为完善的资助体系,较充分地发挥其生活保障、学术引导和学业激励等作用。本文将根据2016年度全校资助情况问卷调查分析我校资助工作中仍存在的不足之处,对高校资助工作提出了改进建议。     

关于完善我国城镇养老保险制度的思考

养老保险制度是我国社会保障体系的重要组成部分，这些年来取得不少进展，但仍有一些问题亟待解决。首先，应不断扩大我国城镇养老保险制度的覆盖面，同时向农村推广，最终建立城乡一体的社会养老保险制度。其次，养老保险资金的筹集是完善我国养老保险制度的重要方面，我国目前完善养老保险资全筹资模式的目标是做实个人账户，在适当时机逐步加大划入个人账户的比例．最终实现现收现付制下的“给付确定”的养老保险筹资模式．     

德国强制性长期护理保险概述及启示

德国从1995年开始实施强制性长期护理保险制度,长期护理满足全体居民潜在的、基本的护理需求。从筹资安排、护理服务等级评定以及责任范围三方面阐述了它的发展现状。在借鉴德国经验的基础上提出了我国发展长期护理保险时基金的筹资方式以及基金管理的建议。