Guideline.gov: A Database of Clinical Specialty Guidelines

The National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC), also known as Guideline.gov, is a database of resources to assist health care providers with a central depository of guidelines for clinical specialty areas in medicine. The database is provided free of charge and is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The guidelines for treatment are updated regularly, with new guidelines replacing older guidelines every five years. There are hundreds of current guidelines with more added each week. The purpose and goal of NGC is to provide physicians, nurses, and other health care providers, insurance companies, and others in the field of health care with a unified database of the most current, detailed, relevant, and objective clinical practice guidelines.     

Managing and Coding References for Systematic Reviews and Scoping Reviews in EndNote

This article describes a novel approach for using EndNote to manage and code references in the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and scoping reviews. The process is simple and easy for reviewers new to both EndNote and systematic reviews. This process allows reviewers to easily conduct and report systematic reviews in line with the internationally recognized PRISMA reporting guidelines and also facilitates the overall task of systematic or scoping review conduct and reporting from the initial search through to structuring the results, discussion, and conclusions in a rigorous, reproducible, and user-friendly manner.     

Opportunity or risk? How news organizations frame social media in their guidelines for journalists

Guided by regulatory focus theory and framing, the present study analyzes how U.S. and British mainstream news organizations (N = 12) frame the current social media environment in their social media guidelines. The results indicate that news organizations dominantly frame the new environment as a risk to guard against, warning of the possible harm to their reputations and journalism norms such as accuracy and objectivity (prevention-focused), rather than as an opportunity to actively take advantage of (promotion-focused).     

中国矿业大学材料学院的办学指导思想及办学思路

围绕我校创建多科性、研究型高水平大学的发展目标,结合学校关于“两个思考”和“三个规划”的大讨论,充分认识并深刻理解材料学科对我校的多科性发展目标所起的作用.通过对办学定位进行认真讨论,探讨材料学院办学指导思想及办学思路.     

Testing Literacy Educational Software to Develop Design Guidelines for Children with Autism

Multimedia computer programmes have been found to facilitate learning in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). However, the effectiveness of these resources is limited due to poor design or a lack of consideration of the ASD cognitive profile, particularly at the lower functioning end of the spectrum. This article attempts to tackle the problem of the lack of design guidelines, with the aim of facilitating the development of effective educational programmes for children with severe ASD. The case study reported here evaluated two literacy educational computer programmes, by observing five low-functioning children with ASD, compared to five neurotypical children (control cases). The two types of reading-support software contrasted in the study presented different characteristics. The children’s data analysed here concern observations of child–software interactive sessions based on video recordings and coded for attention deployment to each programme, including motivation and engagement indicators.     

What is special about the ethical issues in online research?

In the analysis of the ethicalproblems of online research, there is much tobe learned from the work that has already beendone on research ethics in the socialsciences and the humanities. I discuss thestructure of norms in the Norwegian ethicalguidelines for research in the social scienceswith respect to their relevance for the ethicalissues of Internet research. A four-stepprocedure for the ethical evaluation ofresearch is suggested. I argue that eventhough, at one level, the problems of onlineresearch are very similar to those we find intraditional areas of social scientificresearch, there still are some issues that areunique to research online. A general model forthe analysis of privacy and data protection issuggested. This model is then used tocharacterize the special problems pertaining tothe protection of privacy in online contexts,and to argue that one cannot assume a simpledistinction between the private and the publicwhen researching in such contexts.     

Pathways of China's PM2.5 air quality 2015–2060 in the context of carbon neutrality

Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced particulate matter (PM_2.5) air pollution in recent years, primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions. However, reaching the level of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines may instead depend upon the air quality co-benefits of ambitious climate action. Here, we assess pathways of Chinese PM_2.5 air quality from 2015 to 2060 under a combination of scenarios that link global and Chinese climate mitigation pathways (i.e. global 2°C- and 1.5°C-pathways, National Determined Contributions (NDC) pledges and carbon neutrality goals) to local clean air policies. We find that China can achieve both its near-term climate goals (peak emissions) and PM_2.5 air quality annual standard (35 μg/m³) by 2030 by fulfilling its NDC pledges and continuing air pollution control policies. However, the benefits of end-of-pipe control reductions are mostly exhausted by 2030, and reducing PM_2.5 exposure of the majority of the Chinese population to below 10 μg/m³ by 2060 will likely require more ambitious climate mitigation efforts such as China''s carbon neutrality goals and global 1.5°C-pathways. Our results thus highlight that China''s carbon neutrality goals will play a critical role in reducing air pollution exposure to the level of the WHO guidelines and protecting public health.     

新世纪高校图书馆服务理念初探

本文阐述了高校图书馆在新世纪如何树立良好的服务理念,提高服务质量,发挥应有的作用。     

对美国专利滥用审查标准的反思与借鉴——以Philips专利池许可系列案件裁决书为研究对象

为排除适用本身违法规则,生效裁决书错误认定不构成搭售之事实;在适用合理分析规则时,竞争效果分析偏于模糊。论证逻辑性不强,结论说服力不强,反应审理法院先定结论而后论证,旨在维护专利池许可的合法性。司法审查折射立法态度,影响着行政审查,共同形成了宽松的审查氛围。当前我国尚处于专利滥用规制初期,要以相关指南制订为契机,建立健全专利池审查模式、审查方法、信息披露机制等,推动强化行政审查、司法审查"落地"。     

医学信息APP的调查与分析

[目的/意义] 以哮喘为例,对其相关手机应用程序的可信性及全面性作详细探讨。[方法/过程] 以中英文关键词"哮喘"asthma"肺功能"lung function"峰流量"peak flow"吸入器"inhaler",在App Store、Google Play及安卓市场上搜寻,并下载相关程序进行筛查及评估。根据英国BTS/SIGN、美国EPR-3、国际GINA及HONcode的医学及信息指引去统计哮喘疾病和相关治疗资料并评估其可信性及全面性。[结果/结论] 研究发现许多手机应用程序的内容与医学指引不一致,如果医护工作者以手机应用程序内容作学习用途并依此为患者提供医学意见,有可能对患者健康造成危害。目前在市场上较难找出优质的应用程序,应用程序的开发者及应用程序平台的管理者应作出改善。