人力资本三维要素与城乡减贫成效差异——基于CHNS微观调查数据的实证研究

利用中国健康和营养调查数据库(CHNS)截面数据,运用分位数回归方法,从收入增长和差距缩小双重视角研究了人力资本三维要素(健康、教育和工作经验)对中国农村与城镇居民贫困的影响及差异。结果发现:2000~2006年中国农村贫困发生率逐年降低,但中国城镇贫困发生率却在上升;基于收入增长的视角,健康、教育和工作经验的提高,都有利于农村、城镇居民增收,但不同要素的减贫成效存在差异;基于收入差距缩小的视角,教育和工作经验都有缩小农村贫困、非贫困居民之间收入差距的作用,但健康的系数差检验却不显著,而对于城镇居民,只有教育才具有缩小城镇贫困、非贫困居民之间收入差距的作用。     

A multicultural study of biometric privacy concerns in a fire ground accountability crisis response system

Biometric technology is rapidly gaining popularity as an access control mechanism in the workplace. In some instances, systems relying on biometric technology for access control have not been well received by employees. One potential reason for resistance may be perceived privacy issues associated with organizational collection and use of biometric data. This research draws on previous organizational information handling and procedural fairness literature to frame and examine these underlying privacy issues. Perceived accountability, perceived vulnerability, and distrust were distilled from the previous literature as the primary dimensions of employee privacy concerns related to biometric technology. This study assesses the effects of these privacy concerns, how they vary based on the cultural influences of Anglos and Hispanics.Fire ground accountability is a critical management objective in the firefighting domain. In multi-unit or multi-agency crisis response scenarios, the on-scene incident commander tracks and accounts for each first responder. This research designed and deployed a new fire ground accountability system that tracked firefighters through finger pattern-based biometric logins to their assigned positions on the firefighting apparatus. An instrument measuring level of privacy concern on three underlying dimensions and demographic data was developed, validated and administered in a quasi-experimental field study. A pre-test–post-test survey methodology was employed to detect potential differences in privacy concerns as familiarity with the system increased. The study shows that Anglo and Hispanic subjects frame privacy issues differently associated with use of biometric technology in a fire ground accountability system. Finally, the study showed that some privacy concerns such as distrust and perceived vulnerability can be alleviated through system use with changes in post-use privacy concerns moderated by ethnic affiliation.     

新世纪“底层写作”对在乡农民的生存观照

新世纪文坛上"底层写作"日趋兴盛,对"在乡农民"生存状况的观照和深刻揭示成为当下文学创作的一个新亮点。对个体在乡农民的物质和精神困境的展示,主要体现在精神愚昧的时代特征、城乡差异以及新的干群关系冲突等方面,让读者看到了新世纪作家强烈的现实关怀意识和悲悯情怀。     

Embedding resilience within the tertiary curriculum: a feasibility study

Mental health problems can significantly impact on the ability of university students to both meet their individual potential and contribute positively within society. This study evaluates the feasibility of embedding a strength‐focused resilience‐building seminar within a university curriculum. Participants were 247 students enrolled in an undergraduate psychology subject. The Staying on Track seminar, consisting of six building blocks for resilience, was delivered within a normal lecture period. Students completed post‐measures on satisfaction and usefulness, as well as follow‐up reflective journals entries noting changes made as a result of seminar participation. The seminar received high scores for satisfaction and 90% of students reported at least one of the six building blocks as being useful to them. Satisfaction also translated into self‐reported positive behaviour change for many students. Implications for the role of curriculum‐based resilience‐building programs within universities are discussed.     

Don’t we care?: the ethics and emotional labour of early years professionalism

This paper argues that early childhood education and care (ECEC) has a legitimate aspiration to be a ‘caring profession’ like others such as nursing or social work, defined by a moral purpose. For example, practitioners often draw on an ethic of care as evidence of their professionalism. However, the discourse of professionalism in England completely excludes the ethical vocabulary of care. Nevertheless, it necessarily depends on gendered dispositions towards emotional labour, often promoted by training programmes as ‘professional’ demeanours. Taking control of the professionalisation agenda therefore requires practitioners to demonstrate a critical understanding of their practice as ‘emotion work’. At the same time, reconceptualising practice within a political ethic of care may allow the workforce, and new trainees in particular, to champion ‘caring’ as a sustainable element of professional work, expressed not only in maternal, dyadic key‐working but in advocacy for care as a social principle.     

系统工程学在商业招贴设计中的应用及研究

商业招贴设计是平面设计的重要内容,近年来在我国得到迅猛的发展。但大多良莠不齐,影响了招贴的质量水平和艺术风格。商业招贴设计需要有一套完善、科学的设计体系,这样才能使投资避免盲目性。在商业招贴设计体系中,系统工程方法具有明显的效果。文章从系统工程的基本理论出发,提出了在商业招贴设计中应用系统工程方法的科学程序,为招贴设计提供成功的保障。     

心理健康导航 给力高校学生就业

大学生的就业形势日趋严峻,究其原因,除社会经济发展状况这一客观原因外,大学生就业的心理健康也存在突出的问题。主要表现在：一是就业压力导致的焦虑情绪;二是就业心理期望太高而导致的悲观;三是就业观念不合理而导致的偏执;四是人格缺陷而导致的盲目、脆弱、虚无、迂阔。基于以上原因,当前必须对大学生就业的心理健康进行导航,建议从以下方面解决就业心理问题：一要认识并坚守自我,放低起点;二要实事求是,调整心态;三要找准缺陷,完善人格;四要合理规划,开拓进取;五要知己知彼,越挫越勇。     

Using Health Literacy in School to Overcome Inequalities

Health literacy has firmly established the links between literacy skills and health outcomes and is subsequently considered a key strategy for improving the health of disadvantaged populations and addressing social inequality. However, current research findings for improving health literacy have primarily focused on adults and actions within health and health care settings. Implementation studies outside the health sector are scarce. This study, a subset of the INCLUD-ED community- based project on social inclusion, reports on successful community-based approaches to health literacy. This article focuses on two schools that take advantage of the cultural intelligence of their students' family members, allowing them to make health literacy programmes more effective and useful for the participants. In addition, family involvement in educational activities addressed to children, including health programmes, has been found to improve the health literacy of the participating adults and their use of healthcare services. Findings indicate that schools in Europe can play a key role in breaking the cycle of health inequalities by promoting health literacy through education.     

A new age for child protection--General Comment 13: why it is important, how it was constructed, and what it intends?

Children continue to be subjected to high levels of violence (i.e., physical, psychological and sexual maltreatment) throughout the world. International concern about violence against children has increased significantly during the last decade. A Study on Violence Against Children, encouraged by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary General and reported in 2006, has become a rallying call to improve child protection. Child protection practices and systems have been judged to be generally inadequate and, in some cases, destructive. It is widely recognized that business as usual—more of the same—will not do. A General Comment (guide to fulfilling obligations) for Article 19, the central conceptualization of child protection of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, has the potential to promote a worldwide reformulation of child protection priorities, policies, and practices by virtue of the infusion of a child rights approach. It can be a mechanism for framing and promoting the transformational change needed – for a genuine paradigm shift. Here, explication is given for the historical context, rationale, centrality of child rights, process of development, holistic nature, and primary elements of General Comment 13 (GC13): The child's right to freedom from all forms of violence. GC13 embodies and champions a child rights approach to child protection entailing strong support for proactive primary prevention, promotion of good child care, and a commitment to secure the rights and well-being of all children. A child rights-based, comprehensive coordinating framework is recommended for the implementation of GC13.