Life cycle cost analysis of new FRP based solar parabolic trough collector hot water generation system

Parabolic trough collectors （PTCs） are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation and hot water generation. This paper deals with the experimental results and an economic analysis of a new fibre reinforced plastic （FRP） based solar PTC with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system designed and developed for hot water generation in a restaurant in Madurai, India. The new collector performance has been tested according to ASHRAE Standard 93 （1986）. The performance of a new PTC hot water generation system with a well mixed hot water storage tank is investigated by a series of extensive tests over ten months period. The average maximum storage tank water temperature observed was 74.91℃, when no energy is withdrawn from the tank to the load during the collection period. The total cost of the new economic FRP based solar PTC for hot water generation with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system is Rs. 25000 （US$ 573） only. In the present work, life cycle savings （LCS） method is employed for a detailed economic analysis of the PTC system. A computer program is used as a tool for the economic analysis. The present worth of life cycle solar savings is evaluated for the new solar PTC hot water generation system that replaces an existing electric water heating system in the restaurant and attains a value of Rs. 23171.66 after 15 years, which is a significant saving. The LCS method and the MATLAB computer simulation program presented in this paper can be used to estimate the LCS of other renewable energy systems.     

区域供热锅炉供热温度自动检测与报警系统的开发与应用

微型计算机自动控制系统在我国已经得到了广泛的应用，使用微型计算机系统构成检测与报警系统，可实现最佳的综合控制。通过I／U（即电流转换成电压的转换板）转换板和HY-6041板最终将电流信号转换为数字信号，然后由应用软件进行数据处理，配合数字或图像显示和越限报警实现报警与自动控制的功能。     

建筑物理学科现状与发展趋势

建筑学（Architecture）是研究以满足人的不同行为需求的建筑空间与环境设计理论和方法的学科，兼有技术科学和社会科学属性．人对建筑环境的生理需求，要求建筑室内外空间必须满足舒适健康的热环境、光环境、声环境和空气品质要求．可持续发展理念的普及，要求建筑物的能源和资源消耗及污染物排放应大幅减少，具备生态属性．建筑物理学科的发展，为研究解决这些问题提供了必要的技术支撑．综述了建筑物理学科在未来发展中的研究重点．     

积云对流加热的垂直差异对CISK的影响

本文利用半地转平面对称坐标下的三层模式，讨论ＣＩＳＫ机制的发展问题。结果表明：１、积云加热愈近高层大气，不稳定增长率愈小，加热向下延伸时，扰动容易发展。２、当加热集中于高层时，增长率与波长有关，最大增长率出现在１２０—２００公里波长处。这些是两层模式所不能得到的结论。     

Situation of China’s solar water heater industry, related national standards, testing and the Golden Sun certification program

China is the largest solar water heater producer and market in the world. Despite the fast growth and an installed capacity that accounts for the majority of the global gross, China＇s per capita solar hot water capacity is still very low, implying a huge margin of market potential; and the recognition of the industry in the global market is handicapped by the scattered scale of production and inconsistent product quality. To ensure continued growth of China＇s solar water heating （SWH） industry, Chinese Government has established a series of national SWH standards, three national testing centers, and a certification program to lay the foundation for the development of the Golden Sun product labeling system. China General Certification Center （CGC） developed the Golden Sun product certification and labeling system on a pass/fail basis evaluating with established criteria. The system was designed to help manufacturers acclimate to explicit consistent requirements and to identify and fix the deficiencies in the design and execution of the program itself. Timely revision and integration of the national standards are recommended to accommodate the test procedures and requirements to new technologies and the evolving SWH ,market. Strict implementation of the Golden Sun certification and labeling system are suggested to avail improving the quality control and forging internationally reputable brands of Chinese solar water heating products.     

热水锅炉控制系统的DCS设计

结合新疆昌吉热力中心46MW热水锅炉的燃烧控制改造工程,采用浙大中控SUPCONJX-300XDCS控制系统,对锅炉出水温度进行控制,并使用SCKEY组态软件实现控制过程,解决了原有系统中外界气温变化与锅炉燃烧实时调节的矛盾,实现了供水温度与温度设定值的实时跟踪,其静差平均值为0．71℃,达到按需供热的目的。     

催化加氢除氧器

文章阐述催化加氢除氧器的原理、工艺流程、性能特点,与多种除氧器进行了分析比较,提出了催化加氢除氧器的设计、安装要求。     

老住宅楼分户供暖的必要性和改造方案

所谓分户供暖,就是将供暖系统的联网模式由先前的上供下回串联式,改造为公共立管并联式,从而便于分户管理。文章讨论了分户供暖的优越性,分析了老住宅楼如何实行分户供暖的问题,并就此提出了一些改造对策,最后给出了供暖的改造的设计方案。     

资本禀赋、感知价值、政府补贴对农户清洁取暖采纳行为的影响

农户清洁取暖采纳行为是实现农村散煤长效治理和能源结构可持续变迁的关键。为系统阐释农户清洁取暖采纳行为机理,本文基于汾渭平原农户调查数据,采用二元Probit和OLS计量方法实证分析了资本禀赋、感知价值与政府补贴对农户清洁取暖采纳行为的影响。结果显示：①作为一组结构性要素资源,资本禀赋反映了农户“能力大小”;作为一套感知评价系统,感知价值反映了农户“有心程度”;当农户“既有心又有力”时,采纳清洁取暖的行为趋向性更明显。②作为清洁取暖采纳的实际行动者,农户的主体性作用十分重要。如果没有资本禀赋等结构性要素资源的支撑,农户大概率不会实施清洁取暖;同时,如果没有农民自发自觉地实施收益要求与成本风险规避考量形成的感知价值判断,结构提供的资源也难以转化为清洁取暖的具体行动,即感知价值在资本禀赋与农户清洁取暖采纳行为间的中介作用存在。③作为一项激励机制,政府补贴可以通过强化农户清洁取暖利益感知、缓解农户清洁取暖成本与风险压力感知,进而正向调节感知价值与农户清洁取暖采纳行为间的影响关系。据此,本文提出了促使农户资本禀赋积累、提升农户清洁取暖感知价值以及落实政府补贴的政策建议。     

微波对n型硅半导体材料中PN结扩散的加速作用

用微波加热方法进行了硼—铝杂质在n型硅半导体材料中扩散PN结的试验。并与现行工业扩散的结果作了对比。从而发现,微波加热方法可以把扩散速度加快三倍以上。