Cultural Imperialism,Nationalism, and the Modernization of Physical Education and Sport in China, 1840–1949

Abstract

This paper examines how missionary educational institutions and Young Men’s Christian Association physical education and sport programmes, in conjunction with the nation-building project of the Nationalist government, transformed and modernized physical education and sport in China from 1840 to 1937. The concepts of cultural imperialism and nationalism are central to this study, to understand how the two interacted in the process of the development of modern physical education and sports in China. This paper argues that the cultural imperialism model is ineffective for an understanding of the impact of missionaries on Chinese society and the subsequent transformation and indigenization of physical education and sport in modern China. More precisely, the way in which Chinese nationalism played an active role in resisting, selecting, and reshaping the cultural products (modern physical education and sport) evidences a process that was an active negotiation, rather than a passive consumption, of Western culture. This said, Christian physical education and sport programmes had long-lasting effects on how physical education and sports became the way to define ‘modern’ bodies as they were incorporated into the wider education programme of modernizing China under the Nationalist government.     

Haute finance in the not-so-quiet revolution: colonialisme Anglo-Saxonne and the bombing of la Bourse de Montréal

ABSTRACT

This paper examines a situation in which finance is perceived as imperialist – as immanent to, and serving the interests of, a single ‘culture’ in the colloquial sense. The analysis centres on the long-forgotten 1969 bombing of the trading floor of la Bourse de Montréal (the Montréal Stock Exchange), a moment in an intense phase of the Québécois movement for independence from Canada. Because of the way in which the bombers framed the attack, and its political-economic and discursive contexts, the bombing presents an opportunity to think about key features of the relation between finance and cultural domination or imperialism. These features relate to finance’s specific articulation to the future, uncertainty, and, in the words of the séparatistes of the time, cultural ‘destiny’. The paper has three parts. The first describes the bombing of la Bourse and the public, media, and state responses, linking it to Québécois cultural-political geographies at several scales. Part two places the bombing in the longer-run cultural-politicization of finance in the francophone independence movement, to outline a specifically Québecois critique of finance capital. The third part considers finance’s perceived and real connection to, and thus capacity to shape or constrain, the cultural-political construction of collective possibility.     

Out of Place: Economic imperialisms in early childhood education

New Zealand has received world-wide accolades for its Early Childhood Education (ECE) curriculum, Te Whāriki. This paper explores the tension between economic imperialism, and a curriculum acknowledged as visionary. The foundational ideas of Te Whāriki emanate from sociocultural and anti-racist pedagogies. However, its implementation is hampered by the overarching policy discourse of Human Capital Theory (HCT), with its instrumental emphasis on economic outcomes. While Te Whāriki offers local cultural and educational possibilities, HCT is presented by those espousing economic disciplines, as having universal application. These tensions, largely unacknowledged and unexplored, place ECE teachers in positions of difficulty. While trying to meet aspirational curriculum goals in their daily practices, teachers’ attempts are constrained by supranational economic discourses. I ask how Edward Said’s (1999, Out of place: A memoir, New York, Knopf) concept of contrapuntal readings can offer spaces for resistance to the dominance of economics.     

二十世纪六十年代以来陈天华研究综述

陈天华是我国近代史上著名的资产阶级民主革命家、思想家和宣传家。他的思想主要包括反帝爱国思想、反封建民主革命思想、史学思想、哲学思想及教育思想等。而反帝爱国思想是其思想的主体部分。研究他的生平及其思想对于进一步研究辛亥革命乃至中国近代史都是大有裨益的。     

论国家文化安全

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文明危机论:现代性的人类学反思纲要

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论20世纪初年新式知识分子民族国家理论的提出

1903年前后新式知识分子，用民族主义和帝国主义两大理论来观察，总结时代的特点，外迫于救亡的压力，内激于现代性的追求，在中国历史上第一次明确地提出民族国家的建构问题，并开始运用西方民族国家理论，从主权、国民、领土等方面来建构民族国家，虽然遇到诸多认同困扰、焦虑甚至危机，但这是中国人国家观念转型中的一次质的飞跃。     

论日本历史教科书问题及其危害性

198 2年以来 ,日本右翼势力不断挑起历史教科书问题 ,妄图通过歪曲历史 ,美化侵略战争 ,宣扬“皇国史观” ,以达到“排除自虐史观教科书”的目的 ,为侵略战争翻案 ,为强人上台 ,实质上是为军国主义复活铺路。     

高等教育多学科研究中的隐喻分析

高等教育多学科研究中存在的大量隐喻,反映了人们在研究高等教育过程中所形成的各种立场和观点。通过对其若干隐喻的分析,可以更好地了解高等教育多学科研究的现状以及产生分歧的根源,从而推动高等教育学研究的深入和发展。     

日伪统治时期黑龙江学生运动

九一八事变后,在日本帝国主义的扶持下,清废帝溥仪建立了伪“满洲国”,对东北地区实行长达14年的殖民统治。黑龙江广大爱国民众、尤其是广大爱国青年学生,在中共满洲省委和共青团省委的领导组织下,开展了多种形式的抗日救亡活动,有力地打击了日本帝国主义的殖民统治。