网络信息生态系统评价指标体系构建方略

伴随着社会信息化带来的信息爆炸和信息矛盾的加剧,网络信息生态结构发生了急剧变迁,围绕信息环境恶化的网络信息生态危机也日益凸显.所以对网络信息生态系统进行评价和治理成为大势所趋,而评价又依赖于一套全面、科学、合理、可操作的指标体系.基于此,本文首先介绍了网络信息生态系统的概念、特征和结构,同时对网络信息生态系统评价指标体系构建的理念、基本原则和方法进行了简要阐述.接着从外生态和内生态两个层次对指标体系进行了建构,旨在探寻影响网络信息生态系统健康的各个因子并予以全面、系统、详尽地展现.最后对评价方法进行了简要分析.     

政府信息服务绩效评估指标体系的科学构建

指出构建政府信息服务绩效评估指标体系应坚持目标一致性、可测性、可比性和整体性原则,在此基础上从用户满意、投入产出、内在优化、持续发展4个方面设计政府信息服务绩效评估指标体系,并对政府信息服务绩效评估指标的信度和效度进行检测,对定性指标进行定量化处理,对指标权重进行动态调整。     

Communicating the Impact of Free Access to Computers and the Internet in Public Libraries: A Mixed Methods Approach to Developing Outcome Indicators

The U.S. IMPACT studies have two research projects underway that employ a mixed method research design to develop and validate performance indicators related specifically to the outcomes of public access computing (PAC) use in public libraries. Through the use of a nationwide telephone survey (n = 1130), four case studies, and a nationwide Internet survey of PAC users administered through 636 public libraries, this approach will generate generalizable quantitative data on the extent and distribution of the use of public access computing resources, as well as provide rich contextual data that will help understand how people use the computers and Internet connections in public libraries and the impact it has on their lives.     

A layered framework to study collaboration as a form of knowledge sharing and diffusion

Collaboration can be described using layered systems such as the article–author–institute–country structure. These structures can be considered ‘cascades’ or ‘chains’ of bipartite networks. We introduce a framework for characterizing and studying the intensity of collaboration between entities at a given level (e.g., between institutions). Specifically, we define the notions of significant, essential and vital nodes, and significant, essential and vital sub paths to describe the spread of knowledge through collaboration in such systems. Based on these notions, we introduce relative and absolute proper essential node (PEN) centrality as indicators of a node's importance for diffusion of knowledge through collaboration.We illustrate these concepts in an illustrative example and show how they can be applied using a small real-world example. Since collaboration implies knowledge sharing, it can be considered a special form of knowledge diffusion.     

Author ranking evaluation at scale

We evaluate author impact indicators and ranking algorithms on two publication databases using large test data sets of well-established researchers. The test data consists of (1) ACM fellowship and (2) various life-time achievement awards. We also evaluate different approaches of dividing credit of papers among co-authors and analyse the impact of self-citations. Furthermore, we evaluate different graph normalisation approaches for when PageRank is computed on author citation graphs.We find that PageRank outperforms citation counts in identifying well-established researchers. This holds true when PageRank is computed on author citation graphs but also when PageRank is computed on paper graphs and paper scores are divided among co-authors. In general, the best results are obtained when co-authors receive an equal share of a paper's score, independent of which impact indicator is used to compute paper scores. The results also show that removing author self-citations improves the results of most ranking metrics. Lastly, we find that it is more important to personalise the PageRank algorithm appropriately on the paper level than deciding whether to include or exclude self-citations. However, on the author level, we find that author graph normalisation is more important than personalisation.     

Four pitfalls in normalizing citation indicators: An investigation of ESI’s selection of highly cited papers

InCites Essential Science Indicators is becoming increasingly used to identify top-performing research and evaluate the impact of institutes. Unfortunately, our study shows that ESI indicators, as well as other normalized citation indicators, have the following flaws. First, the publication month and the online-to-print delay affect a paper’s probability of becoming a Highly Cited Paper (HCP). Papers published in the earlier months of the year are more likely to accumulate enough citation counts to rank at the top 1% compared with those published in later months of the year. Papers with longer online-to-print delays have an apparent advantage for being selected as HCPs. Research field normalizations lead to the third pitfall. Different research fields have different citation thresholds for HCPs, making research field classification important for a journal. In addition, the uniform thresholds for both articles and reviews in ESI affect the reliability of HCP selection because, on average, reviews tend to have higher citation rates than articles. ESI’s selection of HCPs provides an intuitive feel for the problems of normalized citation impact indicators, such as those provided in InCites and SciVal.     

体育教育专业健美操专修课教学评价指标体系的构建

以教育学、教育评价学、教育评价的方法和技术等相关理论为基础,运用调查法和数理统计等方法,对西安体育学院体育教育专业健美操专修课教学评价现状进行分析;并以此为根据构建了体育教育专业健美操专修课教学评价指标体系。     

煤样不同干燥方式对化验指标的影响

煤样的干燥方式不同,煤样分析水和粘结指数的试验结果不同,通过对多种精煤一系列试验表明。烘干箱和电热板对煤样都存在过干燥的问题;而对粘结指数,由于电热板试验时间较短,试验结果更有代表性。     

微内容序化方法与应用实例

以Web2.0技术产生的微内容杂乱无序、难以利用的问题为出发点,应用信息组织理论和序化思想,研究如何对微内容进行汇总、序化加工,形成有序的、易于理解与利用的综合信息,包括：设计对微内容加工的方法,构建Web2.0信息加工框架,为Web2.0网站建设及改进提供依据,并探索微内容信息利用的方式。