The History of Paper and Public Space

This article introduces a group of articles on the history of paper and issues of scarcity in the history of newspapers and news media generally. The articles discussed share a concern with the parallels between paper scarcities in newspaper history and spectrum scarcities in broadcast history. This introductory essay comments on the similarities and differences between the two kinds of scarcity and comments more broadly on the rise and fall of bottlenecks in media systems, paying attention both to how scholars have discussed materialities of media communication and how legacy news media in the digital era have encountered a new competitive landscape.     

‘Real Pictures of Current Events’

Objectivity has been regarded as a central ideal of American journalism in the early twentieth century. The concurrent emergence of photography in the press is rarely associated with this development. The article explores the photographic legacy of journalistic objectivity by discussing a crucial phase in the development of reproduction media for images, the transition from wood engravings to halftones. The former was the dominant mode of ‘illustrated journalism’, the latter became the dominant mode of reproducing photojournalism in print in the twentieth century. The halftone process introduced an equivalence between photographs and their reproductions, obliterating the mediation that had taken place in a code of reproduction that was almost imperceptible. In the contested adoption of the halftone process, it is argued, a shifting valuation of photographs can be observed that prefigures the formulation of objectivity as a transparent code of mediation in journalism.     

安徽地方本科高校新闻教育现状及困境

在新闻教育后跨越时代,安徽地方高校的新闻教育教学理念落后,目标模糊且趋同;资金投入较少,内外资源匮乏;师资力量相对薄弱,媒介背景经历较少;课程体系不合理,学生不专不博。安徽地方本科高校新闻教育应该紧跟时代和新闻实践现状,构建适合自身的发展道路。     

Palestinian media landscape: Experiences,narratives, and agendas of journalists under restrictions

This study aims to increase our understanding of the dynamics of the Palestinian media and the conditions and circumstances in which they work, including both the conflict with Israel and the internal political strife within Palestinian society. It is based on the use of qualitative research methods and was conducted in two stages. First, we performed a mapping of Palestinian media outlets. Data on these Palestinian media outlets were collected online from the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority’s Ministry of Information website, the Gaza-based Hamas government’s Ministry of Information website, and statements published by Palestinian media outlets on their websites describing their affiliation and ownership. Second, to gain a more in-depth understanding of the dynamics and experience of practicing journalism in a situation of asymmetrical conflict, semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 professional local Palestinian journalists working for local media outlets in the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem. Through this study we aim to learn more about how groups shape and express their narratives and agendas through the media when restricted by the conditions, pressures, and limitations of asymmetrical conflict.     

Revisiting the occupational aspirations and destinations of Anglo-Australian and Chinese-Australian high school students

Evidence from Australia lends support to the “Asian high achieving syndrome” in Chinese-Australian students and “self-deprivation syndrome” in Anglo-Australian students. Applying ethnographic case studies approach for doctoral thesis the author collected data on a longitudinal basis from homes and school of these students. All of these students attended the same school located in a predominantly middle class suburb of Perth Metropolitan area in Western Australia. Chinese-Australian families had settled in Perth from Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong, whereas Anglo-Australian families had been residing in Perth for three generations. Impetus to revisit these students (now young adults with their own families) 10 years later came from an urge to test the validity of the prediction the author had made in the concluding chapter of his doctoral thesis. The author had claimed that “if Anglo-Australian parents keep on dwelling in the era of 1950s and 1960s and do not change their laid-back attitude about education, their children could eventually be under-privileged in their own country”. Ten years later, the author undertook a follow-up study on these young adults from six of the eight original families in order to find out their occupational destinations and future aspirations. Data for the follow-up study were collected from these young adults and their parents. These research cases were interviewed twice, each time approximately for two hours and their parents were interviewed once for two to three hours. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of the follow-up study which reveals a remarkable relationship between the attitude towards schooling and academic performance with their subsequent occupational destination.     

文化认同视域下传统武术文化变迁反思

文章运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,以传统武术的发展现状为研究对象,从文化认同研究视角,对传统武术发展的文化变迁进行理性的分析。研究发现：传统武术在发展历程中在对异文化认同的境遇下产生了相应的文化变迁,正是由于这种对异文化的认同而导致了传统武术的异化发展。在这种认知的基础上。研究认为：传统武术的发展需要以中国文化传统作为其发展基点,在凸显文化的作用与影响下寻求传统武术发展新的内在动力,以实现对于传统武术文化多元发展。     

泉州民营企业文化建设的现状及对策

企业文化是企业生存的基础、发展的动力、行为的准则、成功的核心,在日趋激烈的市场竞争中发挥的作用越发明显.泉州民企的企业文化建设基本上处在一个初始阶段,存在许多问题,制约了泉州民企的转型升级.因此,泉州民企要寻求突破就必须重视企业文化的建设.     

民族文化差异与武术国际化发展的哲学思考

运用哲学、文化学理论分析了中西方民族文化差异，指出武术国际化发展中的有利和不利因素。提出武术发展过程中应本着武术的本质规律，解决武术的民族性与世界性问题。阐述武术国际化发展思路，即正确处理竞技武术和传统武术的关系；根据认识及实践的主客体价值改革武术并加强文化交流与宣传，实现认识过程主体对客体认识的统一。     

Furthering alternative cultures of valuation in higher education research

The value of higher education is often implicit or assumed in educational research. The underlying and antecedent premises that shape and influence debates about value remain unchallenged, which perpetuates the dominant, but limiting, terms of the debate and fosters reductionism. The article proceeds on the premise that analyses of value are not self-supporting or self-referential but are embedded within prevailing cultures of valuation. It contends that challenging, and providing alternatives to, dominant narratives of higher education requires an appreciation of those cultures. It therefore highlights some of the existing cultures of valuation and their influence. It then proposes Sayer’s concept of lay normativity as a culture of valuation and discusses how it translates into the practices of research into higher education, specifically the practice of analysis. The discussion is animated by detecting the presence of lay normativity in the evaluative space of the capability approach.     

氟哌啶醇对N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸诱导的大鼠海马神经细胞损伤的保护作用

用原代培养大鼠海马神经细胞的方法，观察氟哌啶醇对N－甲基－D－门冬氨酸（NMDA）诱导的大鼠海马神经损伤的保护作用。结果表明，氟哌啶醇能剂量依赖地抑制NMDA诱导的大鼠海马神经细胞内乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的释放，并改善受损细胞形态，四唑盐比色法（MT）显示存活率增高。提示氟哌啶醇对NMDA诱导的大鼠海马神经细胞损伤有保护作用。