葛梯尔反例与实践确证的知识论

葛梯尔反例吹响了挑战知识的传统三元定义(JTB)的号角。现有的方案虽然提出了一些有意义的观点,但都未能完满解决葛梯尔问题。实践确证的知识论把"实践"纳入知识根据的范围,区分了主观根据与客观根据,厘清了信念与知识的根本区别,合理地回答了葛梯尔反例引发的一系列重大问题,为进一步研究认知逻辑打下了基础。     

The Relationship between Attitudes, Knowledge, and Demographic Variables of High School Teachers Regarding Food Irradiation

ABSTRACT:  The purpose of this study was to use a validated instrument to determine the attitudes and knowledge of high school teachers regarding food irradiation, and to determine the correlations among their knowledge and attitudes and certain demographic variables. Knowledge and attitudes about food irradiation were measured in selected high school family and consumer sciences teachers ( n = 121) who taught Food and Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, and/or Food Production Management and Services, via a 24-item instrument with 6 factors. Results revealed these teachers held neutral to positive attitudes about the safety of irradiated foods, their perception of the risk of foodborne illness, and learning about food irradiation, and neutral to negative perceptions of their understanding of food irradiation and their competence to teach about it. These teachers had a moderate knowledge base regarding food irradiation. Teachers' attitudes regarding the safety of food irradiation were positively correlated with their perceived understanding of food irradiation, actual knowledge of it, and competence to teach about it. Their perceived understanding of food irradiation was positively correlated with competence to teach about it, knowledge, and attitudes toward the safety of food irradiation. The only demographic variable correlated with knowledge or attitudes was teachers' previous food irradiation educational experiences. These data suggest the importance of education for family and consumer sciences teachers concerning food irradiation.     

Maternal mediation in book reading, home literacy environment, and children’s emergent literacy: a comparison between two social groups

The researchers addressed two questions: (1) Does maternal reading mediation and family home literacy environment (HLE) relate to children’s emergent literacy (EL) level? and (2) Do the relationships among these variables differ as a function of socioeconomic strata (SES) level. A total of 94 5–6-year-old children, 47 from low SES (LSES) and 47 from high (HSES) families, and their mothers participated. Mother–child interactions while reading an unfamiliar book were videotaped and their verbal expressions were coded for extracting maternal mediation level. Children’s independent EL level was assessed prior to the interaction. Compared with the LSES group, HSES children showed higher EL levels and their homes had a richer literacy environment. Maternal mediation level differed by SES: LSES mothers paraphrased text more often; HSES mothers’ higher mediation level included a discussion of the written system and making connections beyond the text. In the HSES group, maternal mediation level and HLE related to children’s EL; no such relationships appeared in the LSES group. Results are discussed in terms of children’s socio-economic background and their reading experiences. Implications for researchers and educational practices about the relationships between children’s literacy development, SES, HLE, and parental mediation are discussed.     

文化知识观--高教变革的新方向

当前正值我国大力发展高等教育的时机，在教学规模扩大的同时，对教学的改革也被提到了日程之上，本文从文化知识观的要求和主张出发，指出了我国高校教学模式的一些不足之处，并对高校的教学改革提出了一些新思路。     

建设新农村重在培育新农民

建设社会主义新农村需要新型农民。新型农民必须具备较高的思想道德素质，较深的科技文化知识和敏感的市场意识。新型农民的培养一定要强化农村的文化建设、抓好文化知识和职业技术培训以及开展经营素质培训。真正造就有文化、懂技术、会经营的社会主义新型农民。     

浅谈新时期高校图书馆员的角色定位与终身学习

新时期要求高校图书馆员重新定位自己的角色，从过去的印刷型文献的借阅管理等工作，转变为信息导航者、知识管理专家、网络专家。坚持终身学习，掌握新知识，跟上时代的发展。     

网络教学对教师的新挑战

网络教学实施在给学生带来学习方便的同时,对教师的面授教学也带来了新的挑战。它要求教师在教学方式上有新的调整,理论联系社会生活实际的能力要更高,并更具教师职业自觉。这个过程也提高了教师的专业素养。     

试论新形势下图书馆的文献信息服务工作

本文从转变观念，强化信息服务意识；提高人员素质，实施优质服务；应用现代信息技术，更新服务手段；加强信息开发，提高信息加工质量；沟通信息供需渠道，推动图书馆走向市场诸方面，论述了新形势下图书馆如何发挥各种优势深化文献信息服务工作。     

论邓小平关于实践主体的思想

邓小平同志实践主体的思想强调了实践主体人的“现代化”，强调了改革开放实践中，“人民群众是社会历史活动主人”的观点，强调了改革开放实践目的的“人民性”－以“是否有利于提高人民生活水平”作为判定改革开放的一个重要标准。     

Implicit knowledge of general upper secondary school in a bridge-building project

Bridge-building activities are practiced widely in the education systems of Europe. They are meant to bridge transitions between lower and upper secondary school and form a mandatory part of the youth guidance system in Denmark. By giving pupils the opportunity to experience the different educational context of upper secondary school, bridge-building activities are meant to facilitate their decision-making on educational paths, but also to attract more and new groups of pupils. However, the premises of the inherent differences of educational contexts and of pupils’ lacking knowledge of upper secondary education can be questioned. In this ethnographic case study of a bridge-building project in a rural area in Denmark, we analyse the implicit knowledge of the general upper secondary school, as it is practiced in a bridge-building project, and how it is experienced by the pupils on the background of their prior knowledge. The analysis is theoretically informed by especially the code concepts of Basil Bernstein.