Environmentally-induced stone decay: the cumulative effects of crystallization–hydration cycles on a Lincolnshire oopelsparite limestone

An investigation has been undertaken at St Andrew’s church, Walpole St Andrew, Norfolk, to establish the underlying causes of the observed stone decay to the upper parts of the six stone piers. The stone decay was first recorded in the early 1930s. The salt-contaminated masonry within the church has been shown to undergo severe salt decay during the summer, with little damage occurring over the winter months. The south aisle piers have been shown to decay 2.5 times faster than the north aisle piers. Although crystallization–hydration cycles have been identified, the rate of decay is at its greatest when the cycling is relatively infrequent. This was not the expected trend. Furthermore, it has been shown that during extended periods where the ambient relative humidity is less than 75%, the rate of decay reaches a maximum. It is the length of this ‘drying’ period that apparently has the greatest influence on the rate of decay and could explain the significant difference in the rate of decay between the south and north aisle piers. The results have serious implications for passive conservation, where it is often recommended to lower the ambient relative humidity to well below the equilibrium relative humidity of the salt contaminant, to avoid crystallization–hydration cycles. Since, at the time of building, the church was situated on the coast, it is possible that the sodium chloride contamination occurred during the building process (1440–1520), particularly since the area was prone to sea-flooding at this time. Alternatively, the salt could have been applied as a treatment during the general restoration of 1897. Whatever the source of the salt, it seems likely that the ambient environment was changed by the insertion of a sealed floor in 1897, which could account for the onset of the salt decay.     

试析新赛制对羽毛球运动的影响

21分每球得分制在2006年的羽毛球比赛中试用,新赛制力求缩短比赛时间、增强对抗性、偶然性和观赏性,强调进攻和快节奏。目的在于把羽毛球运动推向普及,吸引更多的选手参赛、观众关注、企业赞助和电视转播。新赛制对选手提出了更高的要求。     

我国著作权法的修改及其对图书情报工作的影响

本文分析了我国著作权法修改的原因,介绍了著作权法修改的过程,评述了新著作权法的主要内容,分析了新著作权法对图书馆情报工作的影响.     

数字图书馆用户信息素质教育研究

信息素质教育是信息化社会教育中的一项基本内容 ,以数字图书馆为代表的信息集散地 ,责无旁贷地承担起用户信息素质教育的工作。本文从信息素质的概念出发 ,探讨数字图书馆用户信息素质教育的内容、方法。     

图书馆学的学科性质

图书馆学学科性质是有争议的命题，目前具有代表性的观点有五种。依照学科划界的元标准，图书馆学应是一门社会科学。     

浅议图书馆网络化建设的误区

本文归纳分析了目前图书馆网络化建设中存在的误区，并提出了走出这些误区的措施与对策。     

The Development of Library and Information Profession in the Chinese Academy of Sciences

1　Introduction　　Overthepast45years(1950～1995),undertheleadershipoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),andinacommoneffortofthestaffmembers,thelibraryandinformationsystemofCAShasbecomeasys-temwithmulti-disciplines,multi-levelsandmulti-functions.Thesystemi…     

共生视角下高校知识产权信息服务运行机制的构建与优化研究

[目的/意义] 当前,我国高校知识产权信息服务普遍存在基础信息壁垒难破、产学研信息沟通不畅等问题。本研究将高校知识产权信息服务看作一个共生系统,从其内部共生要素的行为特征与相互关系的角度探讨构建服务运行机制,对解决服务现存问题,提升服务能力与水平具有重要的现实意义。[方法/过程] 以高校知识产权信息服务的运行现状为出发点,从5类服务参与群体中选取15名研究样本进行半结构化深入访谈,采用扎根编码的方法提取服务运行的影响因素,并结合4种共生模式下服务系统的发展特点针对性地构建服务运行机制。[结果/结论] 通过构建共生视角下的服务运行机制,以及梳理现有运行机制普遍存在的问题,提出优化资源保障机制、完善协同合作机制、健全激励评价机制以及创新服务宣传机制等高校知识产权信息服务运行机制的优化策略。     

多数民间图书馆属于公共图书馆——兼论古越藏书楼的公共图书馆性质

民间图书馆属于公共图书馆这一观点在学术界有争议,其核心原因是学者们未能厘清公共图书馆的属性。公共图书馆表现出面向社会公众开放、免费、开展社会教育等属性。民间图书馆也表现出面向社会公众服务、公共物品、承担社会教育等属性。民间图书馆的公共图书馆社会合理性可从社会公众认可、国家法规制度保障和政府行政认可三方面考量。古越藏书楼是我国现代意义最早的民间图书馆,也是最早的公共图书馆,在当时的社会教育中具有启蒙和开新之价值。     

科技论文中程序流程图的“三原则”优化方法

针对科技论文程序流程图审读加工中经常存在的问题,结合具体案例,提出“三原则”优化方法,即规范统一性原则、逻辑性原则和简洁性原则,旨在提高程序流程图的可读性。