山庄景亭观赏价值三题

避暑山庄内与环境相应的风景亭有三类。一类冠于高山之巅,登临其上,可远眺山庄外峰峦岑岭以及半环山庄的寺庙群,使庄内庄外景观在空间上联系起来,扩大山庄的观赏领域。一类座落在湖水岸边的景亭,可使登者得以在欣赏烟水迷离的景色同时,品味环水借影的妙趣。一类因荷而设的景亭,可使登亭者在饱览花色的同时,尽情地享受大自然之美。     

美国、法国和中国违宪审查模式的政治理念比较

美国、法国和中国采取了不同的违宪审查模式 ,这与三国在政治文化和理念上的差别有密切联系。三国在对待主权在民、议会民主、少数服从多数等政治原则以及对司法权的信任程度上均有很大差异。     

To lie or not to lie? The influence of parenting and theory-of-mind understanding on three-year-old children’s honesty

Prior studies have demonstrated that social-cognitive factors such as children’s false-belief understanding and parenting style are related to children’s lie-telling behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate how earlier forms of theory-of-mind understanding contribute to children’s lie-telling as well as how parenting practices are related to children’s antisocial lie-telling behaviors (rather than prosocial lie-telling as examined in previous studies). Seventy-three three-year-olds from Hangzhou, P. R. China were asked not to peek at a toy in the experimenter’s absence. The majority of children who peeked, lied about it. Children’s lies were positively related to performance on the knowledge-ignorance theory-of-mind task. Additionally, Control parenting, characterized by high levels of monitoring and demanding, unquestioning obedience, was negatively related to three-year-olds’ lying. The relation between Control parenting and lie-telling was partially mediated by children’s theory-of-mind understanding. These findings suggest that children’s early lie-telling behaviors are influenced by social and social-cognitive factors.     

仰卧起坐和悬垂举腿的形态和功能剖析

对两例常见的腹部肌肉锻炼动作仰卧起坐和悬垂举腿，运用运动形态学和肌肉功能解剖分析的方法进行研究，指出两者在生物力学特征上的差异，形成了动用不同腹部肌肉进行收缩的原理。