博士生知识焦虑的多维透视及其消解策略

作为知识社会重要的劳动主体,博士生受知识引发的现实性变革影响而压力倍增,逐渐暴露出由知识引发的焦虑问题。从心理学来看,博士生知识焦虑表现为以无助感为特质的情绪症候,消解之策在于博士生自我调控和外部干预两个方面;从现象学来看,其导源于博士生消极的学术体验,主要表现为由知识建构中自我效能感降低和师生关系紧张所诱发的学术倦怠,对此应加强研究生教育的系统性,建立科学机制以保证师生间的良性互动;从生命哲学而言,知识焦虑表现为博士生对学术生命的存在困惑,因应之道在于关注博士生的生存状态、尊重其学术生命的独特性和完整性,满足博士生潜能发挥与自我实现的内在需求。     

民国时期老子研究风貌管窥--《老子哲学之研究》阅读札记

在民国时期,伴随着中国现代化的进程,西方近现代学术开始大量传入中国,并为中国学术界所接受。随着"哲学"一词及其观念的传入,"老子哲学"研究一词开始频繁出现在民国时期老子研究的各类文章和书籍中,一个不同于封建时代的老子研究范式逐步被确立起来,其中许多观念一直延续至今。从金声这本名不见经传的小册子中,我们能够感受到中西思想强烈撞击的时代背景下老子研究的风貌。     

再论集体经营性建设用地信托之法构造

集体经营性建设用地使用权是一种用益物权,其可转让性得到了新修订的土地管理法的承认,可以成为集体经营性建设用地信托的信托财产。 集体经营性建设用地信托关系中的委托人和受益人都是农民集体。 农民集体作为委托人时,由于不具备我国信托法要求的民事行为能力,所以,农民集体的委托行为往往可以由经过其授权的集体经济组织代理。 集体经营性建设用地信托的受托人一般采取信托机构的形式,并有两种模式可以选择,即由政府出资成立的信托机构和商业信托机构。 前者具有一定的现实意义,而后者代表了受托人未来的发展趋势。     

Classroom

In this section of Resonance, we invite readers to pose questions likely to be raised in a classroom situation. Wemay suggest strategies for dealingwith them, or invite responses, or both. “Classroom” is equally a forum for raising broader issues and sharing personal experiences and viewpoints on matters related to teaching and learning science.     

Moral education and values education in curriculum reform in China

In the new curriculum reform in China, moral education and values education have been defined from the angles of the integrity and conformity of curriculum functions. Accordingly, a new education concept based on complete/integral curriculum functions is established. By discussing the essences of the curriculum, the basis of moral and values education, integrated curriculum setting in instruction structure, the presence of emotional and attitudinal goals in the subject standards, and teaching methods, this text points out that this curriculum reform looks to moral and values education in schools. The reform also emphasizes and will guarantee moral and values education in schools. Finally, the article recommends to elementary and secondary schools the studies on moral education in class conducted by the Research Institute of Moral Education of Nanjing Normal University, one of the Key Bases for Humanities and Social Sciences Research for the Ministry of Education. __________ Translated from Global Education, 2002:12     

Unexpected changes of itinerary – adaptive functioning difficulties in daily transitions for adults with autism spectrum disorder

Adaptive functioning skills, also known as adaptive behaviours, refer to a multifaceted concept defined as behaviours necessary for age-appropriate, independent functioning in social, communication, daily living or motor areas. In light of the growing population of children with ASD who will eventually become adults, increased understanding of adaptive functioning during the transition to adulthood is of importance, but current research in this area lacks first-hand evidence presenting adaptive skills difficulties among older adolescents and adults with ASD. This article focuses on adaptive functioning skills in daily transitions for adults with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA). It draws on evidence from 12 interviews with individuals on the autism spectrum age 16–43, and 2 focus groups with 8 family members of people affected by ASD. Particular emphasis is placed on impact of adaptive functioning difficulties on well-being and quality of life for adults with ASD. Grounded theory approach has been used to analyse the gathered data. Interviewees reflected on daily challenges associated with unexpected changes in routine, sensory difficulties and social interactions. These in turn had an impact on their adaptive functioning skills by introducing complications in the process of making transitions between different contexts and decreasing interviewees’ ability to tackle challenges of daily life. Importance placed on societal expectations towards meeting bespoken standards and conforming to norms ruling the structure and interactions of daily life were also widely discussed. Frequently such expectations did not allow for factoring in the developmental nature of ASD and related difficulties, which as a result triggered additional complexity in managing daily transitions for adults on the spectrum. Further research addressing adaptive functioning skills in daily transitions for adults with ASD is needed.     

加强实践环节的铁路线路课程设计探索

线路课程设计是一门综合运用理论和专业知识的实践课程,对工程实际经验依赖性很强。本文分析了目前铁道工程线路课程设计培养现状,论述了加强实践环节的必要性,并开展了加强赴现场模拟踏勘、邀请线路设计专家入校讲解等尝试,以期为类似实践性较强的课程设计提供参考。     

Infrared Absorption Spectra of Serpentine Cat＇s Eye from Sichuan Province of China

Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained.     

The Talking Drawings Strategy: Using Primary Children’s Illustrations and Oral Language to Improve Comprehension of Expository Text

Listening and reading comprehension can be assessed by analyzing children’s visual, verbal, and written representations of their understandings. “Talking Drawings” (McConnell, S. (1993). Talking drawings: A strategy for assisting learners. Journal of Reading, 36(4), 260–269 is one strategy that enables children to combine their prior knowledge with the new information derived from an expository text and “translate” those newly-acquired understandings into other symbol systems, including an oral discussion with a partner, a more detailed drawing, and written labels for the drawing. The Talking Drawings strategy begins by inviting children to create pre-learning drawings. These initial drawings are a way of taking inventory of a child’s current content knowledge about a particular topic. After pre-learning drawings are created and shared, children listen to or read an expository text (e.g., information book, passage from a textbook) on the same topic as their drawing. Pairs of students discuss the information and either modify their pre-learning drawings to be more detailed or create completely new drawings that reflect the recently-acquired information. Students are encouraged to label their drawings with words in a diagram or schematic fashion. By evaluating the “before” and “after” artwork, educators can identify advances in students’ reading and listening comprehension of the terminology, facts, and principles on a particular topic.     

From the bottom-up: New York City teacher evaluation and the narration of mediated institutional assault

Following the trend of consequential accountability in US public education, New York City introduced a teacher evaluation program during the 2013–2014 school year that linked teachers’ individual performance ratings with their students’ exam scores. As this program systemically alters the nature of teacher–student relationships by transforming students into the means to an end (teachers’ professional viability), this study investigated the implementation of this accountability program from the point of view of the teachers – those who were the subject of this new policy. This study of 15 teachers’ narratives from 3 distinct schools illuminates a social-organizational process that I refer to as mediated institutional assault – a perceived attack on the teachers’ sense of personhood and moral agency perpetrated by mediating figures whose actions were facilitated by bureaucratic policies and institutionally coordinated tools of control. Thus, this study reveals that the consequence of this new mode of accountability is not merely the threat of losing one’s job, but also an insidious form of psychological assault, which in its masked delivery violates teachers’ sense of relational morality and challenges deeply engrained beliefs about their role as educators.