中国特色现代科技馆体系建设发展研究报告

建设中国特色现代科技馆体系是新时期我国科技馆发展的新任务。本文阐述了科技馆体系建设的背景和体系的内涵及构成。基于调查与数据统计,系统梳理了科技馆体系建设发展的现状,分析了科技馆体系建设面临的问题。在此基础上,从建立健全体系化机制、全面提升科技馆科普能力、重点推动信息化建设、大力加强标准化工作四个方面提出科技馆体系的发展对策。     

我国专业科技博物馆发展现状与对策研究

本文在课题调研和数据分析的基础上,提出了当前我国专业科技博物馆在场馆和观众数量快速增长的同时,在发展质量上存在诸多问题,制约着专业科技博物馆科普教育功能的发挥,提出了我国专业科技博物馆“十三五”期间的五个战略重点:全面免费开放;开展监测评估,进行分类指导;专业科技博物馆充分利用新媒体;强化专业科技博物馆科普职能;推动专业科技博物馆校结合。并针对存在问题提出了六项对策与建议。     

浅析科技馆展区改造中的空间设计 ——以合肥市科技馆为例

本文根据合肥市科技馆近年来连续的展区改造实践,认为空间设计是展区改造的物质基础,是展区主题的宏观体现;提出了空间设计要以展览主题为中心、要注重对公众的引导功能、要兼顾科学性与艺术性、要充分利用展示空间、要充分注重安全等原则;并进而提出了空间设计的组织形式选择和基本流程。     

略论信息化与数字博物馆

近年来，互联网正以一种全球化的生存理念冲击着世界。伴随着信息化社会的到来，博物馆也开始利用互联网这种新的信息传播手段，实现了在信息交流和信息共享方面质的突破，称为数字博物馆。我国在数字博物馆方面的建设，目前还相对落后，因此应该积极迎接挑战，这对于在新形势下充分宣扬我国民族化具有重大意义。     

Objects prompt authentic scientific activities among learners in a museum programme

Although the scientific disciplines conduct practical work in different ways, all consider practical work as the essential way of connecting objects and phenomena with ideas and the abstract. Accordingly, practical work is regarded as central to science education as well. We investigate a practical, object-based palaeontology programme at a natural history museum to identify how palaeontological objects prompt scientific activity among upper secondary school students. We first construct a theoretical framework based on an analysis of the programme’s palaeontological content. From this, we build our reference model, which considers the specimens used in the programme, possible palaeontological interpretations of these specimens, and the conditions inherent in the programme. We use the reference model to analyse the activities of programme participants, and illustrate how these activities are palaeontologically authentic. Finally, we discuss our findings, examining the mechanism by which the specimens prompt scientific activities. We also discuss our discipline-based approach, and how it allows us to positively identify participants’ activities as authentic. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings.     

对昙石山遗址旅游规划和博物馆建设项目的思考

阐述了昙石山文化遗址概况及其发掘背景,调研、分析了昙石山遗址的现状和开发务件,并借鉴国内著名的遗址博物馆开发和保护的成功经验,对中标的规划方案提出一些不同的意见,认为昙石山遗址旅游规划应分区布局,遗址博物馆建设经营可采用“以商养文”的运作模式。     

Museum Experience — a Resource for Science Teacher Education

In this study, the researcher included an extensive science museum experience for the pre-service secondary science teachers within a teaching methods course to enhance their learning to teach science. The extensive museum experience covered four aspects: the visit, discussion with museum educators, the development of lesson plans, and practising teaching in the science museum. Twenty-one pre-service science teachers attended this course. Qualitative methods were used for data collection and analysis. The data sources included field notes, reports, diaries, and interviews. The findings show that this course connecting museum resources and context had created a novel situation for pre-service science teachers to learn how to teach science. The discourses with the museum educators also provided them with innovations in education beyond the gains from traditional teacher education. Through developing and practising teaching activities, they improved their understanding of the meanings and effective ways to use museum resources in science teaching. Pre-service science teachers reported that getting feedback from peers and observing modeling teaching was helpful. This course provided an alternative way to view how scientific activities were developed for junior high students. In general, the use of museum settings provides a new profile of learning and teaching course for pre-service science teachers in Taiwan. Based on the findings, this study makes suggestions for those science teacher educators who would like to use science museum resources and contexts to nurture prospective science teachers.     

京族经济社会的转型与非物质文化遗产的保护——以广西东兴市(氵万)尾村为例

京族是我国具有海洋文化特质的少数民族,其非物质文化遗产也相应的具有独特性。本文作者通过实地调查,研究、分析了京族非物质文化遗产的现状和存在问题,并论证了在经济社会转型情况下非物质文化遗产的保护方法和具体措施。     

Untangling the Web: Comparing the Impact of the Internet onthe National Archives, the National Library and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

This research sought answers to twoimportant questions regarding the impact of theInternet on three New Zealand cultural institutions:the National Archives, the National Library and theMuseum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. First, whatimpact has the Internet had on policy development ineach institution? Second, what are the attitudes ofthe professional staff toward the integration of theInternet into the workplace? The findings are comparedto determine the extent to which the experiences ofintegrating the Internet into each institution's corebusiness are similar and different. The resultsrevealed several important findings: 1. policyregarding the Internet has been most extensivelydeveloped at the National Library; 2. the Internet isnot currently as central to the delivery of coreservices at the National Archives or the Museum of NewZealand Te Papa Tongarewa as it is at the NationalLibrary; 3. the majority of the professional staff atall three institutions responded that they were either`very positive' or `somewhat positive' about theintegration of the Internet into their environment,although most felt that their core professional dutieswere not being fundamentally altered. The conclusionsand some recommendations for each institution toconsider in addressing Internet technology developmentare provided.     

Creativity development in preschoolers: The effects of children’s museum visits and other education environment factors

As one of the potential contextual factors for creativity development, children’s museum has been introduced to China from the western world in recent years, with the aim to offer a new informal educational environment to enhance children’s creativity. Based on experimental data for two groups of 4-year-old preschoolers (218 for the family mode and 202 for the preschool mode) from Beijing with an appropriately one-year long intervention (September 2017 to July 2018), this study examines the effect of regular visits to a children’s museum and other education environmental factors on young children’s creativity measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM) test. Results indicate that in terms of family visit, compared to the control group, the intervention that offers 18 times free tickets to visit a children’s museum significantly improved the experiment group’s originality (a sub-measure of creativity) by an additional 34.51 %. A beneficial effect of this intervention was also found in improving children’s fluency from the sample of preschool group visit (46.80 %). In addition, family education environment factors such as public preschool attendance, frequency of visits to science museums, and the degree of parents’ latitude were also found to positively affect creativity. Children’s personal features such as sex and geographic location of the family are also found to be related with children’s creativity.