Techniques and considerations for determining isoinertial upper‐body power

Power is an integral aspect of many sports. Although power output of the lower body is often measured during jumping and cycling movements, much less is known about power as pertains to the upper body musculature. Recently, isoinertial methods ‐ with constant gravitational load ‐ of power testing have become common, but little is known of the reliability and criterion validity of these tests as they pertain to sport performance. In addition, the varied methodology makes a lucid model more evasive. The aims of this review are to examine the various methods of assessing upper body power, to establish its role in predicting athletic performance, and to assess the body of literature that has assessed power output of the upper extremities by isoinertial methods. To our knowledge, only two studies on isoinertial upper‐body power have shown a direct correlation to sporting ability (Baker, 2001; Baker et al., 2001); therefore, many unanswered questions exist as to the efficacy of these tests as predictors of athletic ability or as a method to track athletes’ training over time. From this review we hope to allow the sport coach to assess the overall utility of these tests in terms of availability, safety and external validity.     

本质集的邻域并和无爪图的哈密尔顿性

设G是一个图 ,G的独立集Y称为本质集 ,如果存在 {y1,y2 } Y ,使得dist(y1,y2 ) =2 .本文利用插点方法 ,给出了关于k或 (k + 1)连通 (k≥ 2 )无爪图G是哈密尔顿的或 1哈密尔顿的统一的证明 .2个结果的充分条件是关于 ∑ki=0N(Yi) 与n(Y)的不等式 ,这里Y是图G的任一本质集 ,对于i∈ { 0 ,1,… ,k} ,Yi={y1,yi- 1,… ,yi- (b- 1) } Y(yj 的下标将取模k + 1) ;b是一个整数 ,且 0 相似文献   

舆论如何监督政府:比较中的思考

舆论如何监督政府，在公共行政管理中既是一个值得探讨的理论问题，又是一个亟待解决的实践问题，本文从比较分析的角度探讨了其形成机制，运作过程，必要条件和发展趋势，本文认为，基于新闻自由的会计监督政府，其呈现的方式和功能，有一定的正效应和一定的局限性；监督的健康发展必须以新闻调控为必要条件，且达步走向信息化和法制化。     

"隐性采访"的法律思考

隐性采访将很多暗箱、黑幕探了个通通透透,极大地提高了新闻的真实性,满足了受众的知情权,增强了舆论监督的力度,从而受到了社会的普遍欢迎。但因为涉及到采访手段的非常性和对隐私的接触,实施过度容易与公民的隐私权发生矛盾。因此有必要对隐性采访这一做法进行法律上的研究,明确其应有界限,以期完善新闻法制和保障依法开展采访活动。     

近代教会报刊的在华传播——以《万国公报》为考察的中心

在中国近代报刊发展史上,外国人的报刊尤其是来华传教士的教会报刊扮演了重要的角色。当传播活动发展为传播事业后,社会因素和社会力量对传播产生了重要影响。在华传播的教会报刊作为晚清时期"西学东渐"的重要传播载体,在传播教义和西学的同时,也要受到来自晚清社会各方面因素和力量的控制或影响。《万国公报》较好地应对了各种社会控制因素,在中国近代报刊史和西方文化传播史上都具有一定的特色。     

亚东图书馆与学界名人

亚东图书馆是民国时期的一家中小出版机构,在中国近代新兴出版业中具有重要地位,许多名人学者都与其有着密切的合作关系。文章通过阐述亚东图书馆与陈独秀、胡适、章士钊等名人学者的交往,分析出版界与名人学者之间的互动关系。     

分数ID-消去图的邻域并条件

若删除G中任意一个独立集后得到的图依然是分数（g,f,m）-消去图,则称G为分数ID-（g,f,m）-消去图．将若干个关于分数消去图邻域并条件的结论推广到分数ID-消去图,证明了如下两个结论：1）阶为n的图G满足n≥12k＋6m-11,6（G）≥n/3＋k＋m,且／NG（x）UG（y）/≥2n/3对G中任意一对不相邻的顶点x,y都成立,则G是分数ID-（k,m）-消去图;2）若δ（G）≥（an/2a＋b）＋（b2（i-1）/a＋2m,n〉（（2a＋b）[i（a＋b）＋2m-2]）/a,且/NG（x1）u…uNG（x1）/≥（a＋b）n/2a＋b,对V（G）的所有独立集{x1,……,xi}都成立．则G是分数ID-（g,f,m）-消去图．     

The Constables and the ‘Garage Girl’

In the summer of 1928, the arrest on a disorder charge of a young woman in north London who gave her name as Helene Adele led to a press sensation after she claimed that the officers had falsely accused her in order to discredit her claim that one of them had sexually assaulted her. The constables were ultimately prosecuted, convicted and discharged from the Metropolitan Police. This article considers the Adele case in the context of intense concerns about the possible abuse of police powers—particularly in cases involving women—in the late 1920s. Adele was catapulted onto the front pages of Britain's sensationalist press: her serialised memoir appeared in a newspaper and was reprinted in a women's magazine. However, her case was more than just a tabloid spectacle. Contributing to historians' reconsideration of the sensationalist inter-war press, this article shows how the coverage of the case fit into the press's interest in young working-class women's lifestyles and sexuality, highlighting how ‘human interest’ journalism could be intermixed with social critique.     

从“维基解密”看新媒体对西方主权国家利益的挑战——兼论新媒体对新闻自由的影响

近年来,互联网作为新媒体的代表,因其传播快速、互动方便、成本低、参与度高的优势,开创了一个公众知情权提高、政府工作透明度提升、对政府和企业工作能够进行有力监督的新时代。在为政府和公众带来显著益处的同时,新媒体也因其特殊性对主权国家利益产生了巨大的冲击,这一影响在提倡新闻自由的西方国家体现得最为明显。对于新媒体的研究,必须要看到其特殊性对主权国家利益带来的双面影响。基于此,以"维基解密"事件为例,运用政治学和新闻传播学双重视角,探讨新媒体对国家利益带来的挑战,以及对新闻自由的推动。     

Militant Distribution: Votes for Women and the public sphere

The late nineteenth century American mass circulation press developed a style of ‘new journalism’ that gave rise to celebrity journalism. It is widely accepted that this new approach to reporting replaced news values with entertainment as a consequence of the need to cater to the tastes of a mass readership and this is seen to explain the incredible innovations that occurred in the press in the US at the time (Ponce de Leon; Roggenkamp; Tebbel; Turner; Schudson Discovering the News). This article questions this version of American press history by arguing that those papers also had to appeal to the politics of poor immigrants and the working class and that the conventions associated with celebrity overlapped and often coincided with a ‘radical’ populist campaigning style of reporting that was as important (and at times, more important) to building and sustaining mass readerships.