普罗化:小学教师劳动过程中的新特点——基于K校的民族志研究

随着我国社会生活的剧烈变迁,教师劳动也发生了重构,其重构的结果便是教师劳动过程呈现出"普罗化"的趋势,即教师劳动逐渐从复杂的专业活动异化为以重复大量简单劳动为主的技术性活动。本研究在对一所小学教师群体展开民族志研究的基础上,展现出在教师日常劳动中的普罗化表征:教师工作中缺失理念设计的话语权、专业工作碎片化、智识参与度低、深陷于日常繁杂事务。教师劳动过程的普罗化与教师专业化之间形成了一定的张力,让教师群体面临生存和发展的困境。     

Writing creatively in a museum: tracing lines through persons,art objects and texts

Creative writing is often thought of as an individual and solitary pursuit. This is partly owing to Romantic (and still popular) notions of creativity as residing in highly gifted individuals, but also to the widely held belief that writing is a lonely rather than a social activity. The research presented in this paper provides a unique insight into the creative process by tracing the way one poem is produced by a member of a creative writing class based on a major urban art gallery. Based on a 5‐year ethnographic study of this class, it employs interview material, field notes, photographs and creative writing as data. Using theories from both the “anthropology of writing” (Barton and Papen, 2010 ; Latour and Woolgar, 1986 ) and the “anthropology of creativity” (Ingold, 2007 ; Hallam and Ingold, 2007 ), I argue that creative writing is a relational and temporal process involving complex and multiple claims for agency. I also go on to show that when the text moves from a private to a public context, these multiple agencies are encompassed and erased under the umbrella of individual authorship.     

教育人种志的认识论思考

教育人种志是教育人类学的主要研究方法,它既与自然科学研究认识论具有共同点,也有特殊的要求,是一种特殊的经验研究.教育人种志追求的真理是部分真理,一方面反映了其认识论的局限,另一方面也是教育人类学学科性质使然.强化理论积累对于克服教育人种志认识论的缺陷、促进教育人类学的发展具有重要意义.     

教育人种志研究中的伦理道德要求

教育人种志研究者要遵循自愿与"不隐蔽"原则,保护研究对象隐私的原则,保证研究目的和过程合法、合理、公正的原则,以及研究结果的互动反馈原则等,这是提升研究质量的前提.此外,研究者与资助研究机构等方面的关系、研究对象的主观体现及配合支持、研究选题的价值和社会意义等,都直接影响着教育人种志研究的伦理道德水平.     

人种志方法在比较教育研究中的应用

人种志是文化人类学特有的一种研究方法,着重指研究者深入异文化性质的田野从事调查研究、描述文化或人类行动的过程。该方法因能获得其他质性研究方法所不能获得的有关教育现象或问题的资料而越来越受教育研究者的青睐。人种志方法在比较教育研究中的应用主要体现在其实践性、伦理性和研究过程中的循环几个方面。     

The Rise of the Creative Underclass

In this article, Tyler Denmead draws upon critical race theory to argue that the creative city discourse reproduces racial injustice for youth. In particular, the creative city invests in the property rights and profitability of whiteness by inscribing creative superiority on the bodies of young people who are more likely to be privileged by virtue of their race and class. Through evidence collected by both autoethnographic and ethnographic methods, Denmead discusses how his history as an arts educator has been entangled in the manifestation of this racist reconfiguration of urban space in one particular American city, Providence, Rhode Island. He discovered that the racial dynamics of the creative city discourse have productive power over how young people construct their identities and make life choices in this city and, further, that those dynamics operate in and through artist partnerships between those positioned as creatives and those positioned as troubled youth. As a result, Denmead argues that white arts educators, in particular, must disinvest themselves from notions of creativity that enhance the profitability and power of whiteness. This move requires advocating ceding land and resources that have been acquired through the creative city discourse and committing to reframing culture‐led urban renewal in terms of the economic and creative flourishing of communities of color.     

国外有关儿童游戏的文化研究概述

不同文化中的儿童游戏呈多样化趋势,理解儿童游戏,势必理解儿童所处文化.儿童游戏的文化研究主要集中在概念和经验领域,并围绕性别差异、父母影响、游戏缺失等问题展开.     

Practiced Linguistic-Cultural Ideologies and Educational Policies: A Case Study of a “Bilingual Sweden Finnish School”

This article explores linguistic-cultural ideologies and educational policies as they emerge and are negotiated in everyday life in a bilingual school setting located in the geopolitical spaces of Sweden. Taking sociocultural theory and discourse analysis as points of departure, we focus on empirical examples of classroom interaction and locally established formal policing. Linguistic-cultural ideologies and educational policies that frame life at the school are investigated by employing nexus analytical methods, focusing on social (inter)actions through which a number of locally and nationally relevant discourses circulate. Our findings indicate that refocusing ideology and policy research from the lens of a practiced perspective allows the situated and distributed nature of everyday life to inform issues related to bilingualism as well as their relations to wider societal discourses. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the crucial role of educators in (re)locating bilingual education in its societal contexts as well as making these connections visible in classrooms.     

Teaching without a blackboard and chalk: conflicting attitudes towards using ICTs in higher education teaching and learning

This article, derived from a three-year ethnography of distributed medical education provision in a Canadian university, explores the ways in which information and communication technologies are used by teachers and students in their everyday work within technologically rich teaching environments. The environments being researched are two university campuses: a campus at the main university site and a satellite campus in a neighbouring province. The article seeks to contrast dominant, institutional discourses of technology use in higher education teaching with the everyday practices of staff and students. The article concludes that there is a gap between policy and practice in distributed education and that the teaching and learning experience and context of staff and students in different sites need to be analysed in depth, in terms of: whether the experience of learning across sites can be positioned as being comparable; the extent to which technology ameliorates learning and teaching; and understanding the work done by staff.     

The Japanese University in Crisis

Japanese education has been a focus of comparative studies for the past 20 years. Many scholars have attributed the economic success of this industrialized society to a highly literate and well-educated population. Recent studies, however, have tended to be more critical of, in particular, Japanese higher education (HE). Indeed, most universities in Japan are acutely aware of the need for change and a considerable effort at institutional reform is sweeping the nation. Unfortunately most of the constructive criticism of Japanese HE has not yet been published in English. One of the most vocal of the reformists, Professor Ikuo Amano, has published widely on various aspects of HE in Japan. The following paper is a translation of a chapter in his book Challenges to Japanese Universities. This translation is prefaced by both a synopsis of this book as well as a brief introduction to Amano and his work.