An investigation into breast support and sports bra use in female runners of the 2012 London Marathon

Abstract

Although it is acknowledged that appropriate breast support during exercise is important, no published literature has assessed breast support usage in a cohort of female marathon runners. This study aimed to identify sport bra use and perceived importance of sports bra use in female marathon runners. Bra satisfaction, incidence of bra related issues and factors that influence the appropriateness of sports bras were also investigated. A 4-part, 30-question survey was administered to 1397 female runners at the 2012 London marathon registration and via an online survey. In total 1285 surveys were completed. Sports bra use and its perceived importance was high, however was lower in moderate compared to vigorous activity, and lower in participants with smaller breasts. Seventy-five per cent of participants reported bra fit issues. The most common issues were chaffing and shoulder straps digging in, with a higher incidence of issues reported by participants with larger breasts. Use of professional bra fitting was low, and perceived knowledge of breast health was poor. Engagement with sports bra use is high although sports bra design could be improved to alleviate bra fit issues experienced by female runners. Educational initiatives are needed to ensure females are informed regarding the importance of breast support and appropriate bra fit during activity.     

中学体育(与健康)课程情境法的实验研究

学校体育课程教学目标是增进学生的身心健康，增强学生的体质。而学生体质的改善，首先在于如何激活学生参与体育学习的积极性，这就需要彻底改变传统的、枯燥的技术传习式的方法，坚持以人为本，运用情境法创造情境因素，激活学生自我与互动学习的积极性，以提高健身效果。     

New Ways to Evaluate Goodness of Fit: A Note on Using Equivalence Testing to Assess Structural Equation Models

Structural equation models are typically evaluated on the basis of goodness-of-fit indexes. Despite their popularity, agreeing what value these indexes should attain to confidently decide between the acceptance and rejection of a model has been greatly debated. A recently proposed approach by means of equivalence testing has been recommended as a superior way to evaluate the goodness of fit of models. The approach has also been proposed as providing a necessary vehicle that can be used to advance the inferential nature of structural equation modeling as a confirmatory tool. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to key ideas in equivalence testing and illustrate its use for conducting model–data fit assessments. Two confirmatory factor analysis models in which a priori specified latent variable models with known structure and tested against data are used as examples. It is advocated that whenever the goodness of fit of a model is to be assessed researchers should always examine the resulting values obtained via the equivalence testing approach.     

巧妙利用Nooog PStoPDF免费软件将飞腾EPS图转换为PDF校样

阐述如何巧妙利用Nooog PStoPDF软件中EPS转JPG的功能,配合使用Adobe Acrobat将飞腾EPS文件批量转换为PDF文件的方法。该方法转换速度快、转换效果好,生成的PDF文件占硬盘空间较小,图中文本可进行标记注释,很好地满足了用方正飞腾制作EPS图的科技期刊对插图进行远程校对的需要。     

Graduate theses: An index of graduate work in speech,XXXII

ABSTRACT

Feeling right or wrong about a message frame can be used as a heuristic to infer one’s motivational state and determine the depth of information processing. Two experiments examined how individuals’ regulatory fit/nonfit response to news headlines interact with their motivation to influence information elaboration and information seeking. Under high motivations, regulatory fit confirmed their state and increased time spent on the news, elaboration, and information seeking. However, under low motivation, regulatory fit decreased elaboration and information seeking. Instead, under low motivational states, nonfit headlines increased elaboration and information seeking. The study fills a gap in the cognitive mechanisms of framing effect by demonstrating that there exists a fast and intuitive framing effect through affective responses such as regulatory fit-ness.     

高校图书馆数据库与用户需求的契合度实证研究——基于重庆工商大学的调查

以重庆工商大学19个常用数据库为对象,通过问卷调查,借助因子分析方法对数据库与用户需求的契合度进行实证研究,提取"便捷型"、"品质型"、"需求型"三个公共因子,其权重分别为51.68%、28.42%和19.90%,以此对数据库综合得分进行排序。研究结果不仅有助于图书馆比较全面地了解数据库的服务效果,加强数据库的管理与维护,优化数据库品质,以更好地满足用户需求,而且有利于调整数据库建设策略,进一步提高经费投资使用效益。     

有氧健身操替代传统热身方法对中学生柔韧素质的研究

柔韧素质是体育运动必备的身体素质,是取得好成绩的重要条件和掌握技能的基础。如何结合有氧健身操在运动中的特点进行专项柔韧素质的训练来提高中学生身体素质,为中学生柔韧素质的改善提供一定的理论依据和训练方法。     

论孟子的“养浩然之气”说简

浩然之气是从义理出来的气,不同于一腔血气,正因为是由义理而来,才是没有丝毫人欲的大勇,也正因为是以义理为根据,才见出其刚毅.然而只是一事上的明理、行理而无愧怍,还远到不得“至大…至刚”之“极至”,也说不到一个“助”的意思,所以在说“知言”后还必然要说“养浩然之气”,一方面便是明理未必能无惧,另一方面是由此便必须说出一个“集义”的意思,即明理而积善的意味.     

知识管理理论运用过程中质量标准问题探析

作为一种重要的、新生的教育理论,知识管理在近些年被广泛提及并逐渐实施于企业管理和教育教学的各个方面。但是在知识管理理论的实践过程中,组织的内外顾客对组织内部及组织外部管理的要求不一致,导致了知识管理理论运用过程中质量标准的多重性和不确定性。因此,在实际的组织管理过程及质量标准认定过程中,应该通过合理途径和核心因素的确立,寻找契合点,消除知识管理质量标准的多重性和不确定性,逐渐制定合理的标准。这为知识管理理论的未来研究能够打下坚实的基础,理论的实证性将能够得到保障,便于后期理论的补充。     

The implications of the out-of-field phenomenon for effective teaching,quality education and school management

Abstract

The out-of-field phenomenon, that is the situation where teachers teach outside their field of expertise, adds complexity to the education environment and affects learners, colleagues, parents, governing bodies and school management. It puts extra strain on school management's responsibility to provide quality management and jeopardises effective teaching and quality learning. This article examines the implications of the out-of-field phenomenon for school management. An empirical investigation entailing the use of a qualitative approach was employed for the study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with selected participants who shared their experiences of the phenomenon. Findings indicated that the out-of-field phenomenon and its implications should be recognised in order to provide effective and quality teaching, substantial teacher support and sufficient staff development programmes.