中国社会学的实证主义道路能走多远

社会学自1839年产生以来,实证主义与反实证主义的交锋一直不断,可以说,社会学170余年的发展历史,就是实证与反实证一路争论的历史。中国社会学继承了西方社会学实证主义的本质特性,以定量的方法为主,专注于社会实证调查,实证主义是中国社会学的主流。但同时,同西方社会学的发展历程一样,中国社会学内部也存在着实证与反实证、定量研究与定性分析的二元分歧,尤其西方社会学在20世纪60年代中期陷入＂社会学危机＂的争论以来,中国社会学实证与反实证、定量与定性方法的争论更加激烈,随之产生了中国社会学的实证主义道路能走多远的疑问。针对这一问题,应从社会学的学科特点和当前中国的转型实际予以正确分析和回答。     

建立大学生党员发展量化评价模型的研究报告

针对高校在大学生党员发展方面存在的薄弱环节,通过建立大学生党员考核评价体系,确立了考评指导原则,设计了参考指标体系,提供为大学生党员发展实施量化操作方法,构建了基于层次分析法的大学生党员量化评价模型。     

教育评估中的定性与定量研究

定量研究与定性研究是教育评估中运用的主要方法,通过对这两种研究方法进行比较,理清这两种研究方法的区别与联系,以便能更深刻地了解这两种研究方法,准确地把握其各自的优势及局限性,教育评估的特点和功能决定了在评估中只有将两者合理地结合使用,才能使教育评估达到预期的目的。     

语料库翻译研究——语料库语言学视角下的新范式

语料库语言学研究对语言研究产生了深刻的影响,已经从理论、描写和应用等不同层面促进了翻译研究的发展。语料库翻译研究借用现代语料库语言学与描写翻译学的研究成果作为其理论基础,以翻译文本作为其研究对象,同时引入科学的统计与分析方法,客观地描述翻译活动本身的规律。作为一种实证研究方法,语料库翻译研究为译学研究引进了新的研究方式,但也存在一定的局限性,有待进一步拓展与完善。     

对外汉语综合课教材中的文化项目考察分析

迄今为止,对外汉语教学中的文化因素分析多立足于多套教材横向对比进行定量分析,而针对同一套涵盖不同教学阶段的教材进行纵向定量分析,从而得出具有系统性和层次性的分析研究几乎没有。因此,选用在教学实践中得到良好反响的教材《汉语新目标》为研究对象,参照最新文化因素研究的理论成果,将教材划分成初级、中级和高级三个教学阶段进行定量分析。在对教材中文化项目的编排进行层次性和系统性分析之后,提出关于文化大纲的一些思路,以期能为文化大纲的编制提供一定的参考。     

近十年来研究生学术诚信问题研究述评简

近十年来,国内学界对研究生学术诚信问题从研究生学术失范行为表现、形成原因及治理对策等方面展开了广泛研究,目的在于加强研究生学术道德建设,防范研究生学术失范行为发生,培养研究生学术诚信品质,提升研究生学术道德素养。这些研究对学术理论与教育实践做出了贡献,同时也存在研究不够深入、系统,研究结论对于解决问题的操作性和普适性不强等不足。规范研究方法,注重诊断性研究、注重定量与质性相结合的研究是进一步深化该主题研究的方向。     

基于量化评估的贫困生认定体系探索——以北京大学地球与空间科学学院为例

北京大学地球与空间科学学院积极探索基于量化评估的贫困生认定体系,这一体系由家庭所在地、主要收入来源、住房情况、父母情况、家庭其他成员情况、本人特殊情形、家庭意外情况、缴纳学费情况、学习情况共九大类、三十四小类量化因子组成。此体系涵盖的多样化致困因素比单一的家庭人均年收入更能够客观真实地反映学生家庭的困难程度。     

Towards a re-conceptualization of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs: tackling enduring problems with the quantitative research and moving on

Various commentators have argued for years that the study of teachers' self-efficacy (TSE) beliefs, largely dominated by quantitative research methodologies, has been confused. Contentious issues include the very conceptualization of these beliefs, how they are defined and accessed through research and how the research is used. One of the biggest anomalies is that, despite claiming that these beliefs are task-specific, many quantitative researchers have both assessed them globally and portrayed them as hard to impact. In contrast, some qualitative researchers have emphasized the task-specific nature of these beliefs and their potential for transformation through self-doubt, reflection and learning. This literature review examines these and other contentious issues, focusing on studies published in international peer-reviewed journals in the last few years, looking, through the use of search terms and the surveying of abstracts followed by detailed reading, for evidence of developing understandings and changing research practices. This review highlights continuing misalignment between theory and method in much of the literature, but also identifies promising research directions. Mixed methods and qualitative research designs seem to have the potential to produce insightful findings that can make the study of TSE beliefs of greater use to teacher educators than has previously been the case.     

Empirical validation of a modern genetics progression web for college biology students

ABSTRACT

Research in learning progressions (LPs) has been essential towards building understanding of how students’ ideas change over time. There has been little work, however, into how ideas between separate but related constructs within a multi-faceted LP relate. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the idea of progression webs to model connections within and between related constructs simultaneously, and to explain and demonstrate the efficacy of path analysis towards validating a hypothesised progression web for understanding of modern genetics. Specifically, we evaluate strength of evidence for a progression web based upon multiple related constructs within a multi-faceted LP describing undergraduate biology students’ understanding of genetics. We then utilise the progression web to generalise theory around how undergraduate students understand relationships between related genetics concepts, and how they use simpler concepts to scaffold those which are more complex.