Spelling consistency affects reading in young Dutch readers with and without dyslexia

Lexical-decision studies with experienced English and French readers have shown that visual-word identification is not only affected by pronunciation inconsistency of a word (i.e., multiple ways to pronounce a spelling body), but also by spelling inconsistency (i.e., multiple ways to spell a pronunciation rime). The aim of this study was to compare the reading behavior of young Dutch readers with dyslexia to the behavior of readers without dyslexia. All students participated in a lexical-decision task in which we presented pronunciation-consistent words and pseudowords. Half of the pronunciation-consistent stimuli were spelling consistent and the other half were spelling inconsistent. All three reader groups, that is, students with dyslexia, age-match students, and reading-match students, read spelling-consistent words faster than spelling-inconsistent words. Overall reading speed of students with dyslexia was similar to that of reading-match students, and was substantially slower than that of age-match students. The results suggest that reading in students with or without dyslexia is similarly affected by spelling inconsistency. Subtle qualitative differences emerged, however, with respect to pseudoword identification. The conclusion was that the findings were best interpreted in terms of a recurrent-feedback model.     

Genes, environment, and dyslexia the 2005 Norman Geschwind memorial lecture

This article presents an overview of some methods and results from our continuing studies of genetic and environmental influences on dyslexia, and on individual differences across the normal range that have been conducted over the past 25 years in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center (CLDRC) and in related projects. CLDRC investigators compare the similarities of identical twin pairs who share all their genes and fraternal twins who share half their segregating genes to assess the balance of genetic, shared family environment, and nonshared environment influences on dyslexia and on individual differences across the normal range. We have learned that among the children we have studied in Colorado, group deficits in reading (dyslexia) and individual differences in reading across the normal range are primarily due to genetic influences, and these genetic influences are often shared with some of the same genetic influences on deficits and individual differences in language and ADHD. We have also learned from our molecular-genetic linkage studies that there are regions on several chromosomes likely to contain genes that influence dyslexia. Several specific genes within these regions have been tentatively identified through molecular-genetic association analyses, but much more research is needed to understand the pathways among specific genes, regions of noncoding DNA that regulate the activity of those genes, the brain, and dyslexia. I conclude with a discussion of our research on individual differences in early reading development, on the role of early learning constraints in dyslexia, and on how genetic influences are expressed through their interaction and correlation with the environment.     

Rapid visual processing by college students in reading irregular words and phonologically regular pseudowords presented singly and in contiguity

Using normal adult readers, this study examined the relative involvement of magnocellular and parvocellular processes in reading English phonologically regular pseudowords and irregular words presented in isolation and in contiguity from left to right. The data showed that a low temporal frequency visual measure that implied more parvocellular involvement was active in processing irregular words presented singly and pseudowords presented in contiguity. However, the results failed to show the involvement of the magnocellular pathway (as implicated by low spatial and/or high temporal frequency visual measures) in reading words presented in contiguity from left to right. The discrepancy was discussed in terms of the sensitivity of the tasks used in testing the two pathways.     

图书馆学与阅读研究

社会阅读与阅读推广是现代图书馆学的重要领域,现代图书馆学的阅读研究与图书馆核心价值相联系,研究中必须体现人文关怀,支持利用信息技术,支持新阅读。     

近年来我国社会阅读活动概述

近年来,我国对社会阅读活动非常重视,政府部门、公共图书馆以及民间组织都积极倡导并开展社会阅读活动.文章介绍了近年来我国社会阅读活动的发展概况,并从我国社会阅读活动的推动力量、活动形式、特点等方面,分析了我国社会阅读活动的状况.     

基于多校区大学生阅读新特点的阅读指导策略

科技的发展改变了大学生的阅读习惯与阅读方法。大学生整体阅读能力的下降引起了社会各界的广泛关注。图书馆工作者应当重新确定阅读指导的策略,以提高大学生的阅读能力,推动高校书香文化建设。     

高校图书馆外文阅览室与英语协作教学辅导

根据＂协作教学＂的理念,创造性地提出＂高校图书馆外文阅览室与外语系英语协作教学辅导＂的方法,协助高校英语教师搞好课外辅导,以提高入校新生英语水平,解决学生课内外英语学习理论与实践方面的问题,让学生通过课堂学习和图书馆外文阅览室工作人员结合自身知识和馆内资源分组进行针对性课外辅导。     

大学生休闲阅读调查分析与图书馆导读工作探讨

文章以高等教育环境下学生非目标性英语课外阅读作为研究对象,探讨和分析以休闲娱乐为目的的阅读行为与导向,及由此带来的信息行为能力的提高;并针对高校图书馆开展导读服务存在的困难和障碍,简略提出了开展英语课外阅读的措施方法。参考文献5。     

再论高校图书馆电子阅览室现况与变革

高校图书馆电子阅览室经过10多年的发展,从曾经被挤破门槛变成了如今的门庭冷落,甚至有的已经彻底沦为“校园网吧”,严重偏离了电子阅览室的定位。针对该情况,笔者分析了造成这种现象的主要原因,并在此基础上提出了一系列的变革措施以寻求电子阅览室的可持续发展。     

试论传统媒体新空间的拓展策略

本文从网络媒体冲击下传统媒体的生态环境入手,针对传统媒体与网络媒体整合的发展趋势,探讨了传统媒体新空间的拓展策略。