Anatomy as a Model Environment for Acquiring Professional Competencies in Medicine: Experiences at Harvard Medical School

Anatomy education provides students with opportunities to learn structure and function of the human body, to acquire professional competencies such as teamwork, interpersonal skills, self-awareness, and to reflect on and practice medical ethics. The fulfillment of this wide potential can present challenges in courses that are part of an integrated curriculum and shorter than traditional courses. This new reality, together with students' increasing concern about the stresses within medical education, led to efforts at Harvard Medical School to implement practical steps toward an optimal learning environment in anatomy. These were based on core elements of ethical anatomy education and principles of trauma-informed care. Anatomy is conceptualized here as the “first clinical discipline,” with relational interactions between anatomical educators, medical students, and body donors/patients. Essential prerequisites for the implementation of this work were support by the medical school leadership, open partnership between engaged students and faculty, faculty coordination, and peer-teaching. Specific interventions included pre-course faculty development on course philosophy and invitations to students to share their thoughts on anatomy. Student responses were integrated in course introductions, combined with a pre-dissection laboratory visit, an introductory guide, and a module on the history and ethics of anatomy. During the course, team-building activities were scheduled, and self-reflection encouraged, for example, through written exercises, and elective life-body drawing. Students' responses to the interventions were overall positive, but need further evaluation. This first attempt of a systematic implementation of an optimal learning environment in anatomy led to the identification of areas in need of adjustment.     

盐渍土水分下渗能力及水盐动态运移试验

为探究盐渍化土壤水分下渗规律、水分下渗能力及水盐动态运移过程,设计了土壤剖面分层定水头供水及土壤剖面变水头供水下渗实验。测定不同层位土壤水分下渗率、含水率、孔隙水溶液电导率及土壤体电导率等参数,进行入渗条件下水盐动态运移规律分析。试验结果表明:盐渍化土水分下渗规律可由积水入渗Kostiakov模型进行刻画;浅层0~40 cm土壤相对于深层40~60 cm土壤具有较强的拦截和贮存入渗水分能力;盐渍化土壤盐分变动带位于浅层0~40 cm,且20~40 cm深度的土壤盐分波动幅度较大,深层40~60 cm土壤孔隙水溶液盐分向下运移的通量与土壤体盐分对其的补充量达到动态平衡,水分下渗过程中深层土壤孔隙水盐分含量相对平稳。实验结果为盐渍土的防治提供参考。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Diethyl Phthalate with Surfactant Addition

This paper studies the adsorption of diethyl phthalate (DEP,an environmental hormone) on the surface of nanoscale TiO_2, effects of pH value of solutions, initial concentrations of DEP and additive surfactant on photocatalytic degradation and dynamics of DEP. Under ultra violet illumination, the interaction between DEP and surfactants including DBS (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfon-ate), CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), and OP-10 (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) was exploited from the perspective of degradation speed calculated by the data of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-Vis spectra, respectively. Photocatalytic degradation of DEP followed pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. DEP as substrate degraded fast when its initial concentration was 130 mg/L. TiO_2 had certain adsorption ability of DEP. TiO_2 could adsorb the most DEP at the approximately neutral pH of 6.91. Degradation of DEP was not affected obviously by additives OP-10 and DBS. Degradation rate of DEP was not enhanced greatly in the presence of surfactants, but degradation of DBS was sped up. Degradation rate of DEP was depressed in the presence of additive CTAB. The more CTAB was added, the less DEP was degraded. Degradation rate of CTAB became slow with the increase of initial CTAB concentration. The possible adsorption models among TiO_2, DEP and surfactants were given.     

变推力作用下的柔性旋转飞行器动力学建模

The dynamic response of a flexible spinning vehicle with the varying thrust was investigated. The varying thrustwas modeled as a series of simple harmonic components superimposed on a constant thrust. The analytical solutions forlongitudinal motion were obtained by combining the motion equations and boundary conditions, and then, the transversebending of rocket was examined solved by considering a coupled forcing vibration with varying parameters. Numericalsolutions for a rocket with end-varying thrust were studied. It is shown that the lateral vibrations and motion attitudes ofrocket depend on the frequencies of varying thrust to great extent, and an important phenomenon, beating, maybe take place.The proposed approach is more accurate and efficient in comparison to those standard numerical techniques.     

基于营养动力学的两种群模型的最优控制

讨论了基于营养动力学的捕食．食饵模型的最优控制,得到了使资源管理者获得最大利润并使种群系统持续下去的最优控制率．     

动态竞争理论的研究述评与批判

自上个世纪80年代开始,在国外战略管理研究领域兴起了一股关注企业间竞争攻击与反击互动的动态竞争研究浪潮。然而,国内对动态竞争的研究较晚,因此目前尚未形成对动态竞争理论与研究方法的系统认识。批判地回顾了动态竞争理论、方法与结论,揭示出各竞争要素之间的关系,并分析了动态竞争研究存在的局限和未来研究方向。     

两类技术动力模型的比较分析

本文比较分析了当今在欧美影响较大的两类技术动力模型 :技术轨道 -环境选择模型和社会建构 /形塑模型。作者认为二者虽然都有效地实现了各自研究目标 ,但前者隐含的机械论式的隐喻使其难以摆脱内在的决定框架 ,后者则过于地方化 ,从而初步提出了从战略管理的中观层面构建技术动力理论的分析思路     

基于SECI框架的企业知识生成系统动力学模型

基于SECI知识螺旋,构建了企业知识生成“风暴眼”模型,并将模型作了系统动力学表达、训练和模拟。模拟结果表明,在良好的环境下,企业可以有效吸收外部知识并在内部进行知识转化循环,从而产生巨型的知识生成风暴。但当环境恶化或者企业知识存量以及知识转化能力下降时,知识生成风暴就会减弱甚至消亡。结果显示,创造知识的企业只有努力提升自己的知识吸收能力和知识转化能力,并防止已有知识的流失,才会走向并保持卓越。     

Feature Solution in the Process of Parameterizing Port Model

Aimed at attaining to an integrated and effective pattern to guide the port design process, this paper pats forward a new conception of feature solution, which is based on the parameterized feature modeling. With this solution, the overall port pre-design process can be conducted in a virtual pattern. Moreover, to evaluate the advantages of the new design pattern, an application of port system has been involved in this paper; and in the process of application a computational fluid dynamic analysis is concerned. An ideal effect of cleanness, high efficiency and high precision has been achieved.     

浅谈团体辅导中的团体动力

团体动力是影响团体成员及整个团体力量的因素,是团体辅导有效实施的关键,也是我国团体辅导实践中所忽略的内容。增进团体动力的有效措施应从团体活动设计、团体进行过程中可以使用的技巧以及团体指导者的素质几个方面进行,以期更多的团体指导者关注团体动力。