我国数字化专业科技期刊集群的形成与发展

探讨我国数字化专业科技期刊集群这一新兴出版模式的形成与发展.基于集群理论界定我国数字化专业科技期刊集群的概念,梳理我国数字化专业科技期刊集群的现实格局.从基本因素和扩展因素2个层面阐释其集聚动因,从组织结构、形成动力和群内关系上归纳其集聚模式.对其未来发展方向做了展望.     

Effects of changing speed on knee and ankle joint load during walking and running

Joint moments can be used as an indicator of joint loading and have potential application for sports performance and injury prevention. The effects of changing walking and running speeds on joint moments for the different planes of motion still are debatable. Here, we compared knee and ankle moments during walking and running at different speeds. Data were collected from 11 recreational male runners to determine knee and ankle joint moments during different conditions. Conditions include walking at a comfortable speed (self-selected pacing), fast walking (fastest speed possible), slow running (speed corresponding to 30% slower than running) and running (at 4 m · s^?1 ± 10%). A different joint moment pattern was observed between walking and running. We observed a general increase in joint load for sagittal and frontal planes as speed increased, while the effects of speed were not clear in the transverse plane moments. Although differences tend to be more pronounced when gait changed from walking to running, the peak moments, in general, increased when speed increased from comfortable walking to fast walking and from slow running to running mainly in the sagittal and frontal planes. Knee flexion moment was higher in walking than in running due to larger knee extension. Results suggest caution when recommending walking over running in an attempt to reduce knee joint loading. The different effects of speed increments during walking and running should be considered with regard to the prevention of injuries and for rehabilitation purposes.     

Intentional thought dynamics during exercise performed until volitional exhaustion

Using a non-linear approach, intentional dynamics of thoughts were examined during constant cycling performed until volitional exhaustion. Participants (n = 12) completed two sessions at 80% W_max. Their (1) intrinsic thought dynamics (i.e., no-imposed thoughts condition) and (2) intentional thought dynamics (i.e., imposed task-unrelated thoughts condition; TUT) were recorded and then classified into four categories: internal and external TUT (TUT-I, TUT-E) and external and internal task-related thoughts (TRT-E, TRT-I). The probability estimates for maintaining each thought category stable, the rate of switching from one category to another, and the entropy dynamics along the testing procedure were assessed and compared through time phase. Friedman ANOVA tests revealed a significant effect of effort increase on thought contents only in the imposed TUT test. While TUT-I probabilities decreased significantly (P < .001) as effort increased, TRT-I probabilities increased (P < .05). Moreover, the entropy to the entire thought dynamics increased at the outset of task performance and decreased upon approaching volitional exhaustion (P < .001). As time spent in constant effort increased, and volitional exhaustion approached, task relatedness (TUT, TRT), direction (internal, external), and entropy of thought contents changed unintentionally providing further evidence for a nonlinear dynamics of attention focus.     

全球化时代OECD国家高等教育扩张的社会动力研究——教育需求的视角

20世纪90年代以来,随着全球化进程的加速,OECD国家失业率居高不下、低质量就业日渐增多、收入分配调节弱化。在此背景下,高等教育对个体的重要性不断增强,接受高等教育可能预示着更多的就业机会、更高的就业质量、更高的收入水平以及更高的生活质量,这导致了个体高等教育需求的强化。社会上日益增长的教育需求成为驱动高等教育规模扩张的基本动力。     

气候变化和人类活动对洮河流域植被动态的影响研究

通过逐象元回归和一致性检验构建1981-2010年间洮河流域NDVI序列,整编同期气温、降水等资料,采用Sen斜率、主成分、相关性及回归残差分析等方法,就洮河流域不同地理-生态区间植被动态的时空特征及所受气候变化和人类活动的影响进行研究。结果表明,1981-2010年期间,洮河流域植被动态总体增强且空间分异明显,甘南高原植被动态增强幅度高于黄土区。从植被季节变化的趋势和幅度来看,甘南高原主要表现为植被萌发期提前,黄土区表现为萌发期提前和枯萎期延迟。在气温和降水所代表的水热要素与NDVI之间构建植被动态预测模式,率定和校验期精度良好,能够反映不同生态-地理区间植被动态与气候变化之间的数量关系。总体来看,洮河流域植被变化由气候和人类活动共同驱动,气候模式输出和残差分析结果表明,洮河流域植被动态受气候因素的影响显著,气候变化对洮河流域植被活动增强的贡献率超过90%。     

Understanding information diffusion with psychological field dynamic

Several approaches focus on how to automatically capture the latent features from original diffusion data and predict the future scale of cascades utilizing a black box framework. However, they ignore the penetrating insight into the underlying mechanism that how each participant is involved in the cascade. In this work, we bridge the gap between prediction and understanding of information diffusion by incorporating deep learning techniques and social psychology. To characterize individual participation driven by both subjective and objective impetus and integrate it into the macro-level cascade, we propose an end-to-end model, named PFDID, which is designed based on the field dynamics theory of psychology, including the intrinsic cognition field and the extrinsic environment field. We represent these two field dynamics respectively with the pairwise semantic relation between the message itself and corresponding comment and the forwarder’s micro-community activity embedding to provide educated explanations for forwarding behaviour. Afterwards, the cross infusion mechanism is designed to calculate the mutual influence of inhomogeneous field dynamics inside users and cross influence of homogeneous field dynamics among individuals, whose output is fed into the diffusion network aggregation layer for the cascade size prediction. Extensive experiments on two typical social networks, Sina Weibo and Twitter, manifest that the proposed PFDID outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Our model achieves excellent prediction results, with MSLE = 1.856 on Sina Weibo and MSLE = 1.962 on Twitter, providing 6.54% and 10.53% relative performance gains, respectively. Furthermore, the interpretability is also discussed based on detailed visualization. We observe that the psychological impetus behind social behaviour varies mainly following two patterns with the spread of information, including gradual change and joint influence. Additionally, the indirect dependencies have also been verified.     

科研人员视角下科学数据安全影响因素仿真分析

[目的/意义]科学数据已经成为科学研究的重要资源,科研人员面临保护科学数据安全的新挑战。[方法/过程]第一步,从政策、资金、设备、平台、科学数据价值、科研人员专业素养的角度设计问卷;第二步,基于问卷回收数据构建SEM模型;第三步,构建SD模型并对6个维度变化进行动态仿真,探究科学数据安全系统中各因素之间的相互作用关系。[结果/结论]政策、资金、设备、平台、科学数据价值、科研人员专业素养对科学数据安全具有影响,其中政策、平台、科学数据价值对科学数据安全的作用较明显。[局限]考虑的科学安全影响因素尚不全面,还需要进一步优化SD模型。     

碳达峰目标下中国绿色建造技术驱动因素的作用机制：基于系统动力学仿真分析

绿色建造技术的推广与应用是促进建筑业持续健康发展的根本路径之一,为有效解决目前我国绿色建造技术推广与应用遇到的障碍,在研究国内外相关主要研究成果的基础上,总结归纳影响绿色建造技术发展的因素,并从市场、经济、生态以及社会参与度等角度得到关键驱动因素,据此构建系统动力学仿真模型,对有关驱动因素进行灵敏度的动态分析并观察各主要因素的影响效果,得到碳达峰目标下我国绿色建造技术驱动因素的作用机制。结果表明：各驱动因素对我国绿色建造技术的推广与应用具有正向的促进作用,但影响程度不同,技术研发程度、政策法律完善程度、绿色建造管理模式、节水节地技术效率对成本影响明显,而对生态价值和生产力效率影响不同。根据研究结论,从绿色建造政策法规、技术研发、管理模式和技术效率等方面提出相关对策建议。     

Unsteady flow phenomena in human undulatory swimming: a numerical approach

The undulatory underwater sequence is one of the most important phases in competitive swimming. An understanding of the recurrent vortex dynamics around the human body and their generation could therefore be used to improve swimming techniques. In order to produce a dynamic model, we applied human joint kinematics to three-dimensional (3D) body scans of a female swimmer. The flow around this dynamic model was then calculated using computational fluid dynamics with the aid of moving 3D meshes. Evaluation of the numerical results delivered by the various motion cycles identified characteristic vortex structures for each of the cycles, which exhibited increasing intensity and drag influence. At maximum thrust, drag forces appear to be 12 times higher than those of a passive gliding swimmer. As far as we know, this is the first disclosure of vortex rings merging into vortex tubes in the wake after vortex recapturing. All unsteady structures were visualized using a modified Q-criterion also incorporated into our methods. At the very least, our approach is likely to be suited to further studies examining swimmers engaging in undulatory swimming during training or competition.     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of microclimate for salts crystallization control and artworks conservation

Many deterioration processes are linked to unsuitable microclimatic condition in cultural buildings. One of the most diffused processes is soluble salts crystallization that can be accelerated in masonry structures within specific microclimatic values for different chemical compounds. In this paper, microclimate and efflorescence diffusion were monitored over a one-year period in the Crypt of the Cathedral of Lecce (South Italy). This allowed to relate the microclimate with the efflorescence variation over time. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was then developed to detail the thermo-hygrometric parameters and airflow patterns responsible for salts crystallization and artworks deterioration. Two main conditions were reproduced; one to simulate the current microclimate, which simulations showed to be inadequate for conservation, and the other to search for a more appropriate solution. In both cases, summer and winter conditions were simulated and compared to find a microclimate able to ensure more suitable thermo-hygrometric intervals required by the constituting artworks materials. The results helped to suggest actions to improve maintenance of the Crypt.