国家重点实验室科研成果的同行评议创新模式

在当前我国开展科技评价体制改革的背景下,对现行的国家重点实验室科研成果的同行评议制度进行分析,揭示当前我国国家重点实验室科研成果的同行评议现状和问题。结合当前同行评议模式的不足,顺应国家对优化科技评价体制的要求,提出一套基于科研生态系统视角的国家重点实验室科研成果同行评议创新模式。新的评价模式从科研活动系统出发考虑科研机构的投入,产出及科研环境等要素,以科研产出的学术创新度和贡献度为导向,对科研成果进行系统评价。评议结果更加客观完整,符合科研活动的客观规律。有利于构建良好的,可持续发展的科研生态。     

移动医疗用户采纳行为实证研究综述：基于WOS核心合集的文献分析

全面厘清并阐述当前移动医疗用户采纳行为研究领域的知识体系和学术前沿能为后续研究提供指引与借鉴。以Web of Science核心合集为文献数据源,采用内容分析法对2010-2019年发表的61篇实证研究论文进行梳理。研究发现：移动医疗用户采纳行为研究依然是当前的研究热点,且中国研究者对该领域的关注较多;研究对象保持多样化,研究方法主要体现在问卷调查方式;研究理论基础主要体现在以技术接受模型和技术接受与使用整合理论等经典信息技术采纳模型为基础,通过模型扩展以及不同模型之间的整合,为相关问题提供了多种不同理论视角的解释;影响因素则可以从个体、技术、环境以及服务内容四个方面进行分类和梳理。相关研究结论能够为后续研究及推广实践提供理论指导。     

Social media and entrepreneurship research: A literature review

The rise of social media has led to changes in how entrepreneurs carry out their day-to-day activities. Studies on social media and entrepreneurship are relatively new and fragmented in their focus, however there is increasing interest from academia and practitioners for further research and investigation within this area. This study systematically reviews research carried out in the domain of social media and entrepreneurship. A total of 160 papers, published between 2002 and 2018 were synthesised to identify critical theories and research methods used in the domain. Based on the extent review, an integrative framework was developed to identify relationships amongst elucidated constructs. While most papers investigated the factors that drive social media adoption and use by entrepreneurs, it was found that the use of social media by entrepreneurs had transcended marketing and it is now used in business networking, information search and crowdfunding for their business. This has led to significant impact with improved firm performance and innovation enhancement being the essential outcomes. The literature review and framework further understanding of social media and entrepreneurship research, providing a useful basis for future studies and informs practice in this area.     

艺术学研究生学位论文撰写问题刍议——基于广州美术学院论文盲审结果的分析

艺术学硕士的学位论文撰写具有一定的特殊性。本文以广州美术学院艺术学硕士论文盲审结果为基础,从论文选题、文献资料的掌握情况、论文的论述过程和论文写作规范四个方面,透视艺术学硕士论文撰写中存在的问题及其深层次原因,以期为提高艺术学硕士培养质量提供一定的参考。     

稳中求变,感受命题新常态

文章对比分析了2018年全国Ⅰ卷理综化学试题,从中挖掘试题背后的教育价值,并在此基础上提出了针对高考复习的一些教学建议。     

战略性关键矿产资源供给安全研究综述与展望

战略性关键矿产资源事关人类社会持续发展、在关键领域发挥战略性作用。本文从战略性关键矿产资源的界定与遴选、供给风险评价与预警、供给安全体系优化与政策三方面对当前研究进行了综述。主要结论有：①战略性关键矿产资源是满足国防军事需求与实现战略性关键产业良性发展的原材料,是一个国家或地区主权属性的集中体现,需结合国家或地区发展实际动态遴选战略性关键矿种;②战略性关键矿产资源供给风险具有更强的模糊性与不确定性,战略性关键矿产资源供给风险评价模型的建立面临诸多挑战;③通过全球资源优化配置,完善全球治理体系,是战略性关键矿产资源供给安全体系优化与政策选择的重要方向。从多学科交叉研究供给安全的形成机理,由大数据驱动与全球供给链跟踪明确供给风险评价要素,基于外部冲击因素和内部产业因素结合的视角完善战略性关键矿产资源供给安全政策是未来战略性关键矿产供给安全研究的重要方向。     

黄河流域农村饮水安全问题及对策

21世纪以来中国农村饮水安全工程建设取得重大成就,截至2018年底,全国农村自来水普及率已达到80%以上,解决了绝大多数农村人口的安全饮水问题。然而黄河流域部分农村地区水资源短缺、水源水质差、饮水型地方病危害重、饮用水水源地缺乏保护和农村饮水安全工程不完善等问题突出,饮水安全保障工作相对于全国农村饮水安全工程进程较为滞后。为切实解决黄河流域农村人民群众的饮水安全问题,促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,本文综述了目前黄河流域饮水安全突出的问题,并结合全国农村饮水提质增效的工作目标,提出了进一步做好流域内农村饮水安全工作的建议,包括实现水资源动态配置、加强饮水安全设施建设和工程管理、强化水源地保护与监测等,从优先保障饮用水水量和水质方面全面维护流域内农村地区的饮水安全。     

在线评论对异质性消费者购买决策的影响研究——基于眼动实验

【目的/意义】本研究基于个体认知加工的视角,探索消费者对在线评论有用性的感知过程和感知结果,并揭示在线评论影响消费者购买决策的过程机制。【方法/过程】本研究以120名大学生为被试,开展2评论类型(客观VS主观)×2认知需求(高VS低)的眼动实验,探索消费者对于在线评论有用性的感知过程和感知结果。【结果/结论】结果表明:(1)与主观体验评论相比,消费者对客观属性评论的注视时间更长,感知有用性更大,购买意愿也更强;(2)与高认知需求者相比,低认知需求者的注视时间较短,感知有用性较大,购买意愿也较大;(3)认知需求显著调节评论类型对注视时间的影响,但对感知有用性和购买意愿的调节效应不显著。据此,建议相关企业采取个性化匹配的措施,使得评论类型能够切合消费者的认知需求水平,以便提高在线评论的感知有用性和消费者的购买意愿,从而做出更为满意的购物决策。     

20世纪英国科技政策的研究

梳理20世纪英国学术界有关国内科技政策研究的演化脉络,从一个侧面介绍英国学术界的变化趋势和学术与政治之间的微妙互动。     

The evidence for the impact of policy on physical activity outcomes within the school setting: A systematic review

BackgroundDespite the well-established health benefits of physical activity (PA) for young people (aged 4–19 years), most do not meet PA guidelines. Policies that support PA in schools may be promising, but their impact on PA behavior is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA.MethodsThis systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Six databases were searched using key concepts of policy, school, evaluation, and PA. Following title and abstract screening of 2323 studies, 25 progressed to data synthesis. Methodological quality was assessed using standardized tools, and the strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined codes: positive, negative, inconclusive, or untested statistically.ResultsEvidence emerged for 9 policy areas that had a direct or indirect effect on PA within the school setting. These were whole school PA policy, physical education, sport/extracurricular PA, classroom-based PA, active breaks/recess, physical environment, shared use agreements, active school transport, and surveillance. The bulk of the evidence was significantly positive (54%), 27% was inconclusive, 9% was significantly negative, and 11% was untested (due to rounding, some numbers add to 99% or 101%). Frequency of evidence was highest in the primary setting (41%), 34% in the secondary setting, and 24% in primary/secondary combined school settings. By policy area, frequency of evidence was highest for sport/extracurricular PA (35%), 17% for physical education, and 12% for whole school PA policy, with evidence for shared use agreements between schools and local communities rarely reported (2%). Comparing relative strength of evidence, the evidence for shared use agreements, though sparse, was 100% positive, while 60% of the evidence for whole school PA policy, 59% of the evidence for sport/extracurricular PA, 57% of the evidence for physical education, 50% of the evidence for PA in classroom, and 50% of the evidence for active breaks/recess were positive.ConclusionThe current evidence base supports the effectiveness of PA policy actions within the school setting but cautions against a “one-size-fits-all” approach and emphasizes the need to examine policy implementation to maximize translation into practice. Greater clarity regarding terminology, measurement, and methods for evaluation of policy interventions is needed.