预印本大繁荣对科学发现优先权确认机制的挑战及其应对

科学发现优先权由"公开披露"和"承认"2个步骤共同确认.预印本平台的兴起使"公开披露"时间从"期刊发表日"提前到"发布预印本日",深刻改变了科学发现优先权的确认标准,但同时也带来了预印本论文质量不稳定和可信度低等隐忧,加大了严格验证科学发现的需求和要求.因此,作为科学发现优先权竞赛的体制化产物的科技期刊,一方面应加强与...     

Risk and protective factors for mental health in elite athletes: a scoping review

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of studies concerning the mental health (MH) of elite athletes and to provide a methodological, conceptual, and applied overview of factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. A total of nine reviews and 43 empirical studies were evaluated and are reported in three sections: sample characteristics, research design, and factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. These factors were grouped into risk and protective factors and divided into a personal and sport-environmental domain. The studies used quantitative (84%), qualitative (11%), and mixed-method (5%) designs and examined a wide range of sports in different countries. Our review shows that researchers have predominantly examined the prevalence of athletes’ mental ill-health (e.g. depression) and the related factors compromising MH. Potential protective factors such as the feeling of autonomy, positive relations in sport and private life, and adequate recovery were highlighted in the qualitative studies. The discussion appraises the findings through a critical lens, focuses on the current state of the research area and the MH definition, limitations, suggested practical implications (e.g. to provide MH literacy to both athletes and coaches), and future research directions (e.g. examining environments that foster elite athletes’ MH).     

Professional collaboration in searching the evidence for an ill‐defined concept

This paper outlines the inter‐professional collaboration of the authors, a PhD student, his supervisor and an information professional, to systematically search the literature for an ill‐defined concept. The research question posed for the scoping literature review indicated that the topic, the subjective socio‐economic status and health of adults with intellectual disabilities, was rare. The need for a methodological search process was therefore identified and successfully carried out. The paper presents an analysis of the processes and the collaboration involved in developing a successful search strategy. The resulting transformative learning by the researcher of the professional practice of the information specialist illuminates their facilitating and supportive role in advancing health related research. F.J.     

A systematic review of visual representations for analyzing collaborative discourse

Visual analytics combines automated data analysis and human intelligence through visualisation techniques to address the complexity of current real-world problems. This review uses the lens of visual analytics to examine four dimensions of visual representations for analysing collaborative discourse: goals, data sources, visualisation designs, and analytical techniques based on 89 studies. We found visual analysis approaches to be suitable and advantageous for decomposing the temporality of collaborative discourse. However, it has been challenging for current research to simultaneously consider learning theories and follow visualisation design principles when adopting visualisations to analyse collaborative discourse. At the same time, existing visual analysis approaches have mainly targeted learners or researchers in online contexts and mainly focused on mirroring collaborative discourse rather than providing advanced affordances such as alerting or advising. Informed by these findings, we propose a possible future research agenda and offer suggestions for the features of successful collaboration to guide the design of advanced affordances.     

习近平总书记关于体育工作重要论述研究述评:特征与展望

运用文献计量分析、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,以习近平总书记关于体育工作重要论述的研究文献为研究对象,分析了研究文献的数量、年代分布、研究主题、关键词、文献来源期刊及基金分布等,并对热点研究进行述评,以期为后续研究提供参考。研究认为,习近平总书记关于体育工作重要论述的研究具有以下特征:研究体现时代特色,但研究视野有待拓展;研究触及多个领域,但跨学科研究相对不足;研究贯穿问题意识,但研究内容亟待深化;研究善用经典方法,但仍需丰富。未来研究建议从以下方面进行深入探讨:不断强化实践路径研究、大力推进时代价值研究、大胆创新研究方法、积极拓宽研究视野、深入探寻理论基础研究。     

Genetic and Rare Disease Diagnoses: A Review of Resources for Patients and Health Care Professionals

Abstract

This article reviews genetic and rare disease resources from the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health that assist patients and their families to decipher the complexity of rare and genetically related diseases. Librarians can use these resources to guide those seeking genetic information that encompasses the medical, social, psychological, and financial aspects of living with a rare disease. Physicians and healthcare professionals will find these resources helpful when assisting patients and engaging in genetic research.     

Argumentation Surrounding Argument-Based Validation: A Systematic Review of Validation Methodology in Peer-Reviewed Articles

Since it was formalized by Kane, the argument-based approach to validation has been promoted as the preferred method for validating interpretations and uses of test scores. Because validation is discussed in terms of arguments, and arguments are both interactive and social, the present review systematically examines the scholarly arguments which appear in 83 papers on argument-based validation methods published in peer-reviewed journals. Findings suggest that scholars generally agree on the nature and importance of argument-based validation but disagree on whether validation should be structured or unstructured, formal or informal. Implications are discussed, including promotion of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA, APA, and NCME) as a foundation for consensus in the field.     

Comparing Numerical Methods to Estimate Vertical Jump Height Using a Force Platform

ABSTRACT

Males (n = 29) and females (n = 34) performed vertical jumps. Jump height was estimated from force platform data using five numerical methods and compared using intraclass correlation (ρ), and linear and rank regression standard error of estimate (SEE). Take-off velocity plus center of mass height at take-off and mechanical work methods were identical (ρ = 1.000) with small linear (SEE < 0.0001 cm) and rank order (SEE = 0) error. Integrating acceleration to displacement was nearly identical (ρ > 0.999), with small linear (SEE = 0.1 cm) and rank order (SEE < 1) errors compared to the above methods. Take-off velocity (ρ = 0.517) and flight time (ρ = 0.573) estimates were less than all other methods and had large linear (SEE ≥ 2.1 cm) and rank order (SEE > 4) errors. Take-off velocity and flight time methods should be avoided due to systematic and random error.     

浅谈认知法与初中英语复习课

随着新课改的深入贯彻，如何改革传统的初中英语复习课的模式，如今已成了我们初中英语教师的当务之急。本文就从初中英语复习课的类别和现状出发，结合外语教学法中的认知法，对初中英语教师在上英语复习课时应遵循的相关原则进行一定剖析，提出提高初中英语复习课实效性的策略。