Anatomy education in a changing medical curriculum in India: Medical student feedback on duration and emphasis of gross anatomy teaching

Authors report here a survey of medical student feedback on the effectiveness of two different anatomy curricula at Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Undergraduate medical students seeking the Bachelor in Medicine and Bachelor in Surgery (M.B.B.S.) degrees were divided into two groups by the duration of their respective anatomy curriculum. Group 1 students had completed a longer, 18‐month curriculum whereas Group 2 counterparts followed a shorter, 12‐month curriculum. Students' responses to a questionnaire were studied. Analysis of feedback from Groups 1 and 2 contrasted the effectiveness of the two anatomy curricula. The coverage of gross anatomy was rated adequate or more than adequate by 98% of Group 1 and 91% of Group 2. A desire for greater emphasis on gross anatomy teaching was expressed by 24% of Group 1 and 50% of Group 2 (P = 0.000). Two‐thirds of all students felt that the one‐year program was not adequate, and 90% of Group 1 and 74% of Group 2 felt that clinically oriented anatomy teaching required more emphasis. Dissection was helpful or very helpful for 94% of Group 1 and 88% of Group 2. This study suggests that a better understanding of gross anatomy was gained from a course of longer duration (18 months with 915 contact hr vs. 12 months with 671 contact hr). Students who completed the longer anatomy course had greater appreciation of the need for clinically oriented anatomy teaching and dissection. Anat Sci Educ 2:179–183, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.     

20世纪90年代以来印度现代化研究综述

20世纪90年代以来,国内关于印度现代化研究成果丰富,主要是侧重现代化进程和政治发展的政治现代化;关注印度经济发展模式和农业现代化的经济现代化;反映传统文化和人的现代化的社会现代化。印度现代化研究还有深入的必要。     

试论多媒体技术在英语教学中的合理应用

随着科学技术的发展和英语教学改革的深化,多媒体辅助英语教学越来越受到重视。本文在分析多媒体辅助英语教学的优势和存在的误区基础上,探讨合理应用多媒体辅助英语教学应采取的策略,可为英语教学实践提供些许借鉴和思考。     

Progressive drawing: A novel “lid–opener” and “monotony–breaker”

An innovative strategy called “progressive drawing” was used at the beginning (lid‐opener) and later (monotony‐breaker) during gross anatomy lectures. Diagrams were drawn on the classroom blackboard with anatomic structures added one by one. Students identified and labeled the diagrams and predicted the next structures to be drawn. Students felt that the strategy helped to activate prior knowledge, created interest in the current lecture, and made lecture sessions more interactive. The strategy has appeal for visual, auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic learners. Anat Sci Educ, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

印度“高等职业教育”类型的界定

印度的职业技术教育体系包含职业教育、技术工人培训、技术员教育和工程技术教育.通过界定,多科技术学校培养13年级以上高级技术员的体制、NIIT两年全日制培训体系与国际上的高等职业教育在生源、人才培养目标、学习年限、授予学历以及课程设置方面都具有对应性,以印度理工学院为代表的工程技术教育虽不属于"高等职业教育",但其职业化特征却显示出印度分离出独立的"高等职业教育"类型的必然趋势.     

北京永定河河岸带生态修复对河流水质的影响

为探讨河岸带生态修复措施对河流水质的直接影响,以永定河已修复的门城湖—莲石湖区段为研究对象,于2013年7—10月沿西岸选取8个采样点,测定溶解氧(DO)、氨氮(NH₄⁺—N)、硝氮(NO₃^-—N)和总磷(TP)的质量浓度.结果表明,河流DO浓度和各营养物质浓度均有明显的季节变化.大部分采样点的DO、NH₄⁺—N和TP浓度未达到地表水IV类水体标准.水生植物较多的河岸带处,河流NH₄⁺—N浓度较低.在生长旺季,长势好的水生植物越多,河流DO和NO₃^-—N浓度越高,TP浓度越低;在生长末期,枯落物较多的河岸带处,河流DO浓度较低,TP浓度较高.凸岸处的河流DO和NO₃^-—N浓度较高,而NH₄⁺—N浓度较低.因此,改变护岸类型、水生植物的多度及河岸的弯曲程度等河岸带结构特征可引起河流水质的变化.     

国家主义与当代印度崛起及其趋向辨析

]随着印度崛起和实力增强,国家主义对印度的大国定位及族群整合的作用越来越突出.国家主义基本上适应了印度崛起过程中既要保持传统特征、又要开拓创新的内在要求.然而,国家主义能否消除长久积存在印度社会中的族群、宗教、种姓纷争所带来的疏离因素,并作为凝聚国家和民族的精神力量是值得怀疑的,这种不确定性将决定印度的发展趋向.     

Association of CETP and LIPC Gene Polymorphisms with HDL and LDL Sub-fraction Levels in a Group of Indian Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

There is an increasing interest to understand the molecular basis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) subfractions and their association with coronary artery disease (CAD). The formation of these subfractions is greatly influenced by hepatic lipase (HL) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) enzymes. To identify genetic markers influencing LDL and HDL subfractions and their role in CAD we performed a case–control genetic association study on 117 healthy controls and 119 angiographically verified CAD patients. Biochemical analysis was performed using standard assays. HDL-C and LDL-C subfractions were estimated using precipitation methods. Genotyping of C-514T (rs1800588) in the LIPC gene for HL and I405V (rs5882) in the CETP gene was done using PCR-based restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing. Both the polymorphisms were not associated with CAD. The C-514T was associated with increased HDL₃-C levels in controls (P = 0.049). The I405V polymorphism was found to be associated with low levels of small dense, LDL (P = 0.038). A multiple regression analysis showed that the effects were dependent on gender and triglyceride levels. We conclude that these polymorphisms are not associated with CAD but are important determinants of HDL-C and small dense LDL particles in our population.     

中国与印度教育之比较:以比较历史法的视角

中国和印度同属文明古国，历史源远流长，因此从比较历史法的视角看待两国的教育，会让我们从历史角度对两国的教育有新的认识，了解两国的历史与现行教育制度的关系。     

冠醚化学的发现及发展

本文简述了冠醚化合物的发现、合成、化学行为以及它们在化学,医学、生物化学中的应用,并介绍了一些新的研究成果。