后发展理论视角下的高水平中外合作大学建设：特征、条件与路径

借鉴后发展理论对发展的特殊性和多样性的强调,中外合作大学在建设＂高水平中外合作大学＂的过程中,除了要达到一般＂高水平大学＂的基本要求外,还要具备更强的国际化特征。为了实现建设高水平中外合作大学的目标,中外合作大学应该探寻独具特色的发展道路,融贯中西以防范教育断裂,以及调整思路实现跨越式发展。     

国际合作论文零被引率的中印比较

选取Science Citation Index-expanded数据库中的中国的和印度的国际合作论文为样本,以零被引率为指标,比较分析了中国的和印度的国际合作论文历时变化、学科特征和合作关系规律。发现中国国际合作论文的零被引率略高于印度;在学科层面上,中印两国各有一半左右学科的零被引率高于对方;在合作关系上,中国的零被引率较高,且两国具有相同的特征：合作国家愈多,零被引率愈低。国际合作关系结构和国际合作论文质量是导致差异的两个原因。     

Impact of a Scientist–Teacher Collaborative Model on Students,Teachers, and Scientists

Collaborations between the K-12 teachers and higher education or professional scientists have become a widespread approach to science education reform. Educational funding and efforts have been invested to establish these cross-institutional collaborations in many countries. Since 2006, Taiwan initiated the High Scope Program, a high school science curriculum reform to promote scientific innovation and inquiry through an integration of advanced science and technology in high school science curricula through partnership between high school teachers and higher education scientists and science educators. This study, as part of this governmental effort, a scientist–teacher collaborative model (STCM) was constructed by 8 scientists and 4 teachers to drive an 18-week high school science curriculum reform on environmental education in a public high school. Partnerships between scientists and teachers offer opportunities to strengthen the elements of effective science teaching identified by Shulman and ultimately affect students’ learning. Mixed methods research was used for this study. Qualitative methods of interviews were used to understand the impact on the teachers’ and scientists’ science teaching. A quasi-experimental design was used to understand the impact on students’ scientific competency and scientific interest. The findings in this study suggest that the use of the STCM had a medium effect on students’ scientific competency and a large effect on students’ scientific individual and situational interests. In the interviews, the teachers indicated how the STCM allowed them to improve their content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and the scientists indicated an increased knowledge of learners, knowledge of curriculum, and PCK.     

利用两台沥青摊铺机摊铺基层在工程中的应用

本文对利用两台沥青摊铺机进行基层施工作业的工艺方案、技术措施、施工组织、施工质量、效益等方面的问题进行了讨论和分析,并较深入地对离析、标高、平整度等进行了评价。     

Choosing schools,choosing selves: exploring the influence of parental identity and biography on the school choice process in Delhi,India

Drawing on qualitative interview data from a group of lower income parents in Delhi, India, this paper focuses on the dynamic relationship between parental choice of a particular school and parents’ own identity construction. The data indicate that choice of school is for some parents a symbolic expression of identity, influenced by family dynamics and parents’ educational biographies. The paper outlines the concept of ‘forging solidarities’ and proposes it as an alternative way of understanding school enrolment decisions that recognises the social significance of such choices for the wider family unit. More generally, as school choice mechanisms in various forms become an increasingly important part of the educational landscape in many countries, the findings draw attention to the sociocultural nature of choice in real-world market settings and the contribution of schooling choices to processes of social and educational segregation.     

培育科学文化 建设世界科技强国

科学文化本质上是一套价值体系、行为准则和社会规范,是人们自觉或不自觉遵循的生活态度和工作方式,其影响所及远远超出科学共同体本身,对于塑造现代社会、促进科技发展乃至推动一个国家和民族的现代化进程有着举足轻重的重要作用。在科学文化的形成与演进过程中,科学文化与人文文化的融合,从小众文化向大众文化的嬗变,普适原则基础上呈现出的民族特色,无不彰显着科学文化的强大张力,进而对于世界科技强国建设发挥着重要的支撑作用。从这个意义上来说,科学家有义务着力培育并弘扬科学文化,而科学文化研究也应该适度地把学术研究与政策需求有机结合起来,这是科技界、学术界乃至社会公众必须共同担当的时代责任。     

西方科学家的宗教情结

近代自然科学首先在西方宗教背景中发展,许多有伟大成就的西方科学家普遍具有极其浓烈的宗教情结,浸透着一种宗教精神。在他们看来,科学和宗教之间存在着牢固的相互关系和依存性。但是,宗教和科学毕竟是两种信仰体系,两者之间会存在一定的张力。这种张力对文明的发展是有好处的,不能简单地判断谁对谁错。     

论汤显祖“以人为本”的政治理念

汤显祖是明代伟大的戏剧家,同时也是晚明民主思潮的先锋。汤显祖＂以人为本＂的政治理念的形成受主客观因素的双重影响,与当今的＂民本＂思想有着历史性的联系,而他＂以人为本＂政治理念的实践,也可视为当今民生工程的典范。     

Complex collaborations: India and international agendas on girls’ and women's education, 1947–1990

This article explores the dynamics of global campaigns for education through a study of the movement for girls’ and women's education in India since independence in 1947. In particular, it uses the trajectory of ideas within India to theorise about international collaboration on educational goals, with UNESCO and the World Bank being two of the most prominent agencies in the second half of the twentieth century. The article presents an analysis of shifting discourses around women's education at national and international level, along with an exploration of the diverse points of contact between policymakers, activists and academics at both levels.     

研究型大学一流创新团队的形成与发展——以中国科学技术大学量子信息研究团队为例

世界一流大学建设的关键是人才。在创新驱动发展时代,以人才为核心的一流创新团队建设,一定程度上决定着我国在新一轮全球科技竞争中能否赢得主动。中国科学技术大学潘建伟院士领衔的量子信息研究团队敢为人先、开拓进取,经过长期的不懈努力,探索出一条立足中国本土培养世界一流人才的新模式,在量子科技领域实现了从跟跑到领跑的蜕变。总结其成功经验,可归纳为四个方面:注重培育具有世界影响的领军人物;着力构建灵活高效的人才培养与激励机制;科学规划切实可行的阶段科研目标;秉持服务国家、造福人民的使命担当。