Disability hate crime: persecuted for difference

This article briefly discusses the long history of violence towards disabled people which sets the context for an analysis of the modern‐day form of violence known as disability hate crime (DHC). People who look or behave differently to others often find themselves victims of violent crimes. The language used to describe disabled people contributes to their diminished position in society. A brief review of definitions of DHC and exploration of news media coverage of the Pilkington and Askew DHC cases are undertaken. Cultural scapegoating of disabled people is discussed. Disabled people are perceived as contributing to their own victimisation, the lack of support afforded to them by society and the failure of systems meant to protect them. As long as disabled people remain outside mainstream society, they are unlikely to achieve the same levels of respect and protection from crime that other groups in society are afforded.     

Childhood trauma and neighborhood-level crime interact in predicting adult posttraumatic stress and major depression symptoms

Previous research has identified several individual-level factors that modify the risk of childhood trauma on adult psychiatric symptoms, including symptoms of major depression (MD) and posttraumatic stress (PTS). Neighborhood-level factors also influence the impact of individual-level exposures on adult psychopathology. However, no prior studies to our knowledge have explored cross-level interactions between childhood trauma and neighborhood-level factors on MD and PTS symptoms. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore cross-level interactions between a neighborhood-level factor – neighborhood-level crime – and childhood trauma on MD and PTS symptoms. Participants in this study (N = 3192) were recruited from a large public hospital, and completed self-report inventories of childhood trauma and MD and PTS symptoms. Participant addresses were mapped onto 2010 census tracts, and data on crime within each tract were collected. Multilevel models found a significant cross-level interaction between childhood trauma and neighborhood crime on MD symptoms, such that the influence of high levels of childhood trauma on MD symptoms was enhanced for participants living in high-crime neighborhoods. Supplementary analyses found variation in the strength of cross-level interaction terms by types of childhood trauma and crime, with the strongest associations including emotional neglect paired with personal and property crime. The results provide preliminary support for interventions that help childhood trauma survivors find housing in less vulnerable neighborhoods and build skills to cope with neighborhood crime.     

单位犯罪未完成形态研究

１９９７年的新刑法在第３０条和第３１条,对单位犯罪和单位犯罪的处罚制度做了规定,这是刑法理论界的重大突破。单位未完成形态问题是构建单位犯罪理论体系的重要部分,不论在刑法理论上还是在司法实践中,对于正确认定单位犯罪有着深远的意义。     

我国科技事业中性别比例失衡问题透析

2007年3月7日《我国女性从事科技工作现状研究报告》的发布,使科技界性别比例严重失衡的问题凸显出来。"女性主义"者强烈主张,女性应该在科技界尤其是高层科技群体内实现比例的均衡。但这种主张是建立在狭隘的女性主义基础上的,且存在权利主张主体与受益人错位等认识上的问题。事实上,女性在科技事业中的比例失衡主要是由女性的价值定位、家庭以及科研活动的特点决定的,理性地正视这些问题并采取相应措施才是解决问题的最佳方式。     

试论网络犯罪的定性

根据刑法学上的定义,宏观上网络犯罪可分为侵犯计算机信息系统安全的网络犯罪和利用计算机、网络实施的其他网络犯罪。实践中,应克服网络犯罪神秘化倾向,正确认识网络犯罪的本质。与域外网络犯罪法规对比,我国计算机网络系统犯罪立法与国际先进水平基本同步,为网络犯罪的正确定性提供了较为科学的法律依据。在网络犯罪定性上,应坚持刑法的谦抑性和罪刑法定原则;坚持两分法,对涉嫌犯罪的行为先归入两类之一;坚持类型化归纳,正确认定具体的犯罪罪名。     

客观归责的"危险原则"分析

客观归责理论是德国著名的一个刑法理论,而该理论的核心内容就是危险原则。这一原则的内容到底有那些具体的内涵,值得探讨。一般而言,该原则的内涵有:制造不被允许的危险、实现不被允许的危险、构成要件的效力。通过这个三个判断,从而归结一个行为是否具有刑事违法性。     

《沉默的羔羊》中奇尔顿大夫的人物性格浅析

本文通过对《沉默的羔羊》一书中精神病医生奇尔顿医生的人物性格分析,看出西方犯罪文学作品中一些反面色彩的小人物对作品的作用。但仅通过此一作品难免管中窥豹,无法全面的阐述。     

绑架罪新论

绑架是一种常见行为,而在司法理论和司法实践中,关于绑架罪还有不少争议。研讨相关问题,对罪名、客体要件、客观要件和特殊主体的定罪量刑等,应该有更为清晰的思路。     

性犯罪被害人司法救助研究

性犯罪被害人是急需救助的弱势群体,而救助性犯罪被害人是司法机关的职责之一。与其他刑事被害人相比,性犯罪被害人精神损害尤为严重,精神损害赔偿的要求合理而强烈,为此司法机关应修改相关司法解释,赋予性犯罪被害人精神损害赔偿权。同时,在司法实践中保障她们的知情权和参与权;鉴于性犯罪被害人的敏感与脆弱性,司法机关在救助时应尊重其人格、保护其隐私。     

浅论犯罪的分类和犯罪的预防——以行为人为中心的犯罪预防体系思考

刑事古典学派与刑事近代学派分别以犯罪行为与犯罪人为重心,系统地进行犯罪分类的研究,并提出了相应的犯罪预防措施。刑法学与犯罪学与之相呼应,也分别建构了自己的理论体系,前者主要以行为性质展开,关注的是行为的法益侵害属性,竭力表述不同性质的行为在具体犯罪构成上的区别,而犯罪学主要展示犯罪原因与犯罪预防个别特征的犯罪人的类型。因此,有必要以犯罪学为基础,从犯罪构成的角度探讨犯罪分类,提出微观预防与宏观预防相结合的犯罪预防体系。