公共科研机构绩效评价的指标与方法

本文以科学技术部颁布的《科学技术评价办法》(试行)为依据,参照STI评价指标体系,结合中国科学院研究所评价实践,借助系统分析方法,构建了公共科研机构绩效评价指标体系,并提出用The il不均衡指数确定指标权重,采用优属度矢量模型对公共科研机构进行绩效评价的量化方法。     

政府主导构建全民健身服务体系的研究综述

运用文献资料法,从政府主导是构建全民健身服务体系的刚性要求;全民健身服务体系的外部环境要求,在政府主导下落实《全民健身计划》;全民健身服务体系自身的内在特征要求政府主导运作等方面,综述认识各级政府、各级体育管理部门,是构建全民健身服务体系的第一主体。     

Interventions supporting baccalaureate achievement of Latinx STEM students matriculating at 2-year institutions: A systematic review

Numerous national reports have identified the importance of significantly improving pathways that begin with Latinx students enrolling in 2-year institutions and ultimately completing baccalaureate degrees in STEM fields at 4-year institutions. Many programs using multiple interventions have been designed, implemented, and studied to achieve this goal. To synthesize what has been learned from studies of these programs, this article presents a systematic review of published studies of programs designed to support Latinx student success in 2-year institutions and successful transfer to 4-year institutions, particularly for STEM majors. A total of 49 quantitative, 9 qualitative, and 16 mixed-methods studies published as reports, articles, or dissertations since 1980 were identified that met the criteria for the review. Studies covered a wide range of interventions, including mentoring, counseling, advising, study groups, tutoring, scholarships, orientations, career services, undergraduate research, articulation agreements, and transfer programs. Individually, these studies report positive influences on student success outcomes, including 2- and 4-year graduation, transfer to a 4-year institution, retention, and success in individual courses. However, the number of qualifying studies was surprisingly small, considering the importance of improving success of Latinx students and the length of time during which the problem has been repeatedly emphasized. Few interventions have been undertaken from explicitly assets-based perspectives or theoretical frameworks. The lack of explicit frameworks underlying interventions—combined with a sole/primary focus on students—suggests many interventions were approached from a deficit-based perspective. Further, the study found no pattern of replication studies that might confirm effectiveness of potentially promising interventions. Based on our analysis of evaluations presented in the studies, it does not appear that the research community has developed agreed-upon methods to evaluate commonly agreed-upon outcomes. Finally, no intervention has been sufficiently supported that widespread implementation could be recommended.     

生成性体育课程目标的若干问题研究

生成性体育课程是基础教育体育课程改革过程中逐渐形成的一种新的体育课程模式。其目标的选择必须符合生成性体育课程的要求,它的来源和筛选通过对学习者及校内外体育活动、专家的建议进行深入的研究得到。在设计生成性体育课程目标的过程中要遵循其基本要求和步骤,以充分发挥其在促进学生全面发展中的独特作用。     

双线制高等教育制度建设与高等职业教育发展

职业教育与普通教育并行发展的双线制高等教育体系是符合高等教育大众化发展趋势的教育体系。目前国家对高等教育财政投入总量的不足,及高等教育内部的管理体制所导致的教育财政资源配置上偏向普通教育,双线制高等教育管理机构的不健全等,造成了高等职业教育和普通高等教育发展的失衡。因而,优化配置高等教育财政资源、合理规划教育体系内部结构对促进双线制高等教育发展有着重要的推进作用。     

“罪数论”之体系性结构及定位再思考

对罪数论的研究,我国传统的罪数论未注意到罪数论的两项不同的研究内容和研究层次。试图以同一原则来解决整个的罪数论问题,由此造成了理论研究和司法实践的困境。我们认为,＂罪数论＂的体系性结构应当是＂罪数—竞合论＂,或称之为＂广义竞合论＂,这一理论之下应当有两个分支：一是＂狭义的罪数论＂,解决对犯罪事实的认定问题;一是＂犯罪竞合论＂,解决对构成数罪的处罚问题。前者属于犯罪论范畴,后者属于刑罚论范畴。     

面向用户需求分析的产品评论用例提取研究

[目的/意义]实现海量产品评论数据的快速分析,帮助产品设计人员高效地获取用户需求,在新产品设计的决策中提供参考。[方法/过程]在特征提取和情感分析的基础上,构造了包括"词+词性+词干+位置+依存关系"等节点特征的条件随机场模型,按照"产品特征、谁、在何种情境下、遇到了什么问题"4个要素,以描述手机屏幕和电池的负面评论为例,从产品评论中提取用例。[结果/结论]模型评估和实证研究表明,所构造的模型可以有效地从评论文本中识别产品特征、使用主体、使用情景和遇到的问题,从而快速构造用例,获取用户需求。     

Cloud-based big data analytics for customer insight-driven design innovation in SMEs

Fast development of IT and ICT facilitate customers to post a large volume of their concerns and expectation online, which are widely accepted to be a valuable resource for product designers. However, it is found that only a small number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have capabilities to leverage customer online insights for design innovation, which often demonstrate a significant share in national economies growth. To discover the beneath reasons regarding the barrier that prevent them to make effective utilization, in this study, as a concrete example, manufacturing SMEs in the South Wales and Greater Manchester industrial areas of the UK are focused and their potential motivations for using and knowledge of big data-based customer analytics are investigated. An exploratory survey was conducted in terms of the type of customer data they have, the storage approaches, the volume of customer data, etc. Next, a carefully devised exploratory study was undertaken to understand how SMEs perceive the relations between customer data and product design, how about their expectations from big customer data analytics and what really challenges SMEs to exploit the value of big customer data. Besides, a demonstration platform is developed to present SMEs an automatic process of analysing customer online reviews and the capacity on customer insights acquisition and strategic decision making. Finally, findings from two focus groups indicate the different managerial and technical considerations required for SMEs considering implementing big data and customer analytics. This study encourages SMEs to welcome big customer data and suggests that a cloud-based approach may be the most appropriate way of giving access to big data analytics techniques.     

制度信用与伦理信用

制度信用与伦理信用是两种不同的信用类型,制度信用关注的是主体交往行为的功利后果,伦理信用则重视主体的交往态度和交往活动本身的价值。在现代社会信用缺失的情况下,制度信用的建设具有十分重要的地位与作用,但是,仅靠制度信用无法为现代社会的信用秩序提供足够的保证。制度信用与伦理信用具有互补性。当代中国社会发展的不平衡性,传统与现代甚至后现代共存的复杂性,决定了当代中国的信用建设必须从中国的具体实际出发,与中国的社会结构、文化背景和现实需要相适应。