浅议英语习语的文化负载

英语习语作为语言文化的载体,大量来源于英美社会生活、宗教信仰、文学典故和外来习语。由于英汉民族文化的个体特征,英语习语所负载的文化相应出现和汉语文化重叠,文化互补,文化冲突以及文化空缺现象。     

Numerical Analysis of Structural Progressive Collapse to Blast Loads

After the progressive collapse of Ronan Point apartment in UK in 1968, intensive research effort had been spent on developing guidelines for design of new or strengthening the existing structures to prevent progressive collapse. However, only very few building design codes provide some rather general guidance, no detailed design requirement is given. Progressive collapse of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building in Oklahoma City and the World Trade Centre （WTC） sparked again tremendous research interest on progressive collapse of structures. Recently, US Department of Defence （DoD） and US General Service Administration （GSA） issued guidelines for structure progressive collapse analysis. These two guidelines are most commonly used, but their accuracy is not known. This paper presents numerical analysis of progressive collapse of an example frame structure to blast loads. The DoD and GSA procedures are also used to analyse the same example structure. Numerical results are compared and discussed. The accuracy and the applicability of the two design guidelines are evaluated.     

随机风荷载下单层球面网壳的整体疲劳分析

对随机风荷载下K6型单层球面网壳的整体疲劳问题进行了研究。用AR法模拟Kaimal谱多点互相关的脉动风风速时程,确定结构所承受的荷载谱,通过有限元时程分析和雨流计数法得到杆件的应力循环历史,采用疲劳设计方法中的总寿命法计算杆件的疲劳损伤度,分析结构在不同矢跨比、不同平均风速下结构的抗疲劳性能。研究发现,结构中出现疲劳的杆件数随矢跨比的减小而逐渐增加,结构中杆件最大疲劳损伤度D随着矢跨比的减小而逐渐增大。网壳的疲劳薄弱区域主要与结构的振型有关;矢跨比较大时,结构中环向杆件易出现疲劳,随着矢跨比的减小,结构径向肋两侧的斜杆易出现疲劳。     

体育课学生心理负荷评价指标体系的研究

通过文献资料研究、专家咨询调查和教育评估实验等方法,对体育课学生心理负荷评价指标及测评方法进行了研究,并进一步运用模糊数学原理和统计学方法制定出心理负荷评价指标、评价标准和测评方法。     

Power output in traditional and ballistic bench press in elite athletes: Influence of training background

This study aimed to compare the power production in traditional bench-press (TBP) and ballistic bench-throw (BBT) exercises. Furthermore, we assessed the differences in velocity, force, and power outputs between TBP and BBT. Finally, we tested the differences between the loads used to optimize power (optimum power load; OPL) in both exercises, using three distinct power-variables: mean power (MP), mean propulsive power (MPP), and peak power (PP). Sixty athletes from different sports were divided into two groups, according to their training characteristics: hypertrophy-based trained athletes (HTA), thirty-one athletes performing hypertrophy training programmes for (at least) 12-weeks; and power-based trained athletes (PTA), twenty-nine athletes performing power-oriented training sessions for (at least) 12-weeks. Magnitude-based inferences were used to test for differences between groups. Independent of the variable analyzed (MP, MPP, or PP), the PTA produced greater power values in BBT, whereas the HTA generated higher outputs during TBP. The OPL in the HTA was likely heavier in TBP than in BBT, whereas no differences related to this variable were found in the PTA. Despite the apparent superiority of ballistics to produce power, it seems that in elite athletes, the strength-power training routine might affect the ability to apply high forces at very-high velocities.     

External ankle taping does not alter lower extremity side-step cut and straight sprint biomechanics in young adult males

Abstract

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries and as a response, clinicians often use external ankle taping prophylactically to reduce the prevalence of injuries. External ankle taping techniques have been shown to significantly reduce passive ankle range of motion; however, there is limited research on the effects of external ankle taping on lower extremity kinematics or kinetics during sport specific tasks. Therefore, our objective was to compare the effects of external ankle taping on ankle, knee and hip kinematics and kinetics compared to no taping during an anticipated sidestep cutting task and a straight sprint task. We conducted a cross-over laboratory study with 16 healthy males. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected with a motion capture system and in-ground force plate during 5 trials of a sprint and anticipated side-step cut with or without external ankle taping. Group means and associated 90% confidence intervals were plotted across 100 data points for each task, significance being identified when the confidence intervals did not overlap for three consecutive data points. No significant kinetic or kinematic differences were identified between conditions for the tasks. External ankle taping does not influence lower extremity biomechanics during a control cutting task.     

全年周期准备期中手球运动员训练过程的优化

已有文献表明,在优秀手球运动员全年训练中的某一阶段还缺乏足够证据来说明不同身体负荷之间的关系。为了探讨超级联赛中的手球队在全年训练周期中赛季前不同负荷之间的关系,研究对象为超级联赛的球队,运动员的平均年龄为(20.3±1.7)岁,参与测试选手的运动等级从一级到健将级。一般性和专门性运动能力水平通过教育学和生物医学的方法进行评估。运动能力通过负荷逐渐变化的方式来评估。研究结果揭示了手球运动员训练和比赛活动以及全年训练周期中赛季前负荷量之间的有效性关系。训练负荷适宜的分布应该如下:30%的有氧负荷,43%有氧和无氧负荷,12%无氧乳酸和大约15%的无氧酵解负荷。至于负荷的比率,要慎重考虑一般性和专门性运动能力的变化,这一点应归因于心血管系统和肌肉工作的能量供应系统对练习的适应性改变。     

Electronic Information:

The creation of electronic collections is changing the nature of libraries. Until recently an electronic collection meant providing an on-line public access catalog and a few CD-ROMs. Now the technologies exist to network CD-ROMs, load databases on Integrated Library Systems and access a number of commercial databases across the Internet for a fixed fee. With this responsibility comes a need to understand electronic information and options for its access. This article deals with three electronic information formats: CD-ROM, tape loads, and on-line hosts; reviews some of the hardware platforms used for accessing information in these formats; and, discusses some of the issues involved in interconnecting computer systems to increase access to electronic collections.     

不同运动量和运动强度对机体免疫机能的影响

运动与免疫的关系历年来就是人们关注的一个问题．运动可引起机体免疫系统功能变化，变化趋势因运动的强度、方式和训练水平不同而有差异．大强度运动会抑制机体的免疫系统；相反，适度的有氧运动则能提高机体免疫功能．