基于网络平台的综合案例教学在法医毒理学教学中的应用

法医毒理学是一门应用性很强的学科,基于网络的法医毒理学而开展的综合案例教学,能有效地提高法医毒理学的教学效果和学生的综合分析能力。依据网络平台,结合法医毒理学教学案例,让学生带着问题去学习,使学生通过网络解决问题,能有效地激发学生的求知欲和积极性。因此本文从综合性案例出发,充分利用法医毒理学课程网络平台,来探讨基于网络的案例教学在法医毒理学教学中的应用。     

公共卫生学院开设“纳米毒理学”的必要性初探

纳米科技的飞速发展对人们的生活产生了重要的影响。纳米材料为人们生活提供便利的同时,也对人类的健康、生态和环境造成潜在的负面影响。由于公共卫生与预防医学专业处于保卫人类健康的重要位置,高校应当顺应社会发展需求在预防医学本科生教学内容中及时普及纳米毒理学专业知识。而目前国内绝大多数高校公共卫生与预防医学专业的本科生并没有接受纳米毒理学知识的系统教育。因此,亟须在教学中开展“纳米毒理学”课程,为未来纳米毒理学的研究奠定坚实基础,并为纳米毒理学的发展提供人才储备。     

Towards model governance in predictive toxicology

Efficient management of toxicity information as an enterprise asset is increasingly important for the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries. Many organisations focus on better information organisation and reuse, in an attempt to reduce the costs of testing and manufacturing in the product development phase. Toxicity information is extracted not only from toxicity data but also from predictive models. Accurate and appropriately shared models can bring a number of benefits if we are able to make effective use of existing expertise. Although usage of existing models may provide high-impact insights into the relationships between chemical attributes and specific toxicological effects, they can also be a source of risk for incorrect decisions. Thus, there is a need to provide a framework for efficient model management. To address this gap, this paper introduces a concept of model governance, that is based upon data governance principles. We extend the data governance processes by adding procedures that allow the evaluation of model use and governance for enterprise purposes. The core aspect of model governance is model representation. We propose six rules that form the basis of a model representation schema, called Minimum Information About a QSAR Model Representation (MIAQMR). As a proof-of-concept of our model governance framework we develop a web application called Model and Data Farm (MADFARM), in which models are described by the MIAQMR-ML markup language.     

Evaluation of drug-endangered children: The yield of toxicology and skeletal survey screening

BackgroundDrug endangerment is known to be associated with child maltreatment. However, even with the high association between physical abuse and drug endangerment there is no standard for screening in this population. Skeletal survey screening may facilitate the identification of children in this population who have also been physically abused.ObjectiveOur objective was to determine the characteristics of drug endangered children and specifically the yield of skeletal survey screening.Participants and settingThe participants in this study were children referred by Child Protective Services (CPS) due to concerns of drug exposure. They were seen in a child abuse outpatient clinic by a child abuse pediatrician or pediatric nurse practitioner.MethodsThis study is a retrospective chart review of the Child Advocacy Resource and Evaluation (C.A.R.E.) Team records between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. We measured the yield of toxicology, additional abuse endured, and skeletal survey findings.ResultsOver the 6-year period, 1252 cases were referred to C.A.R.E. Team for drug endangerment. 1150 cases had hair toxicology performed with 595 cases (52%) testing positive for at least one illegal substance. The compound most frequently identified was methamphetamine followed by marijuana and cocaine. In addition to drug endangerment, other forms of abuse were identified in 162 cases including sexual, physical, and neglect. Using the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American College of Radiology (ACR) guidelines, 340 skeletal surveys were performed. Twelve cases (4%) had occult skeletal injuries none of which had cutaneous findings. Of those with skeletal injury, 11 cases out of 11 tested by hair toxicology were positive for at least one illegal substance.ConclusionsThe application of the AAP and ACR guidelines for skeletal survey screening to those children referred for drug endangerment is useful in identifying children with physical abuse.     

蚯蚓素安全性毒理学评价试验

以大鼠、杂种犬为研究对象,将蚯蚓素分低、中、高剂量组拌食喂养３个月,观察其外观、行为,镜下组织学病理检查,５项血液指标和５项生化指标测试,均正常。分别停药一个月后检查,各项指标也在正常范围内,证明蝗蚓素作为新资源食品安全无毒。     

Patent Toxicity

A toxic-free world is one of the goals of the European Green Deal and a key objective of the World Health Organization Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. However, although use of some toxic chemicals is being banned, others continue to be developed. We consider this motivation for a closer examination of the toxicity of chemical inventions. We combine patent analysis with computational toxicology and develop a methodological roadmap to measure patent toxicity, that is, the extent to which a patent includes “components” (or compounds) that are toxic to humans and/or the environment. To illustrate our proposed methodology, we analyse the toxicity of ten well-known hazardous chemicals and compare it against that of other groups of chemical patents. We suggest that the measurement of patent toxicity opens up interesting avenues for future research with, potentially, strong policy implications.     

Ten Years of Change: National Library of Medicine TOXMAP Gets a New Look

The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) TOXNET® databases <http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov> provide broad coverage of environmental health information covering a wide variety of topics, including access to the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA)'s Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data. The NLM web-based geographic information system (GIS), TOXMAP® <http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/>, provides interactive maps which show where TRI chemicals are released into the environment and links to TOXNET for information about these chemicals. TOXMAP also displays locations of Superfund sites on the EPA National Priority List, as well as information about the chemical contaminants at these sites. This column focuses on a new version of TOXMAP which brings it up to date with current web GIS technologies and user expectations.     

洗涤剂与环境保护

通过对洗涤剂中的有害物质、毒理学效应的分析，论述了洗涤剂对环境的污染问题，并且就这些问题提出了必要的防治措施．     

我国环境污染与健康基础研究的若干新需求

良好的生态环境是建设世界科技强国的重要保障。我国目前面临复杂的环境污染形势，虽然近年来的污染控制卓有成效，但环境污染的毒性效应造成的急性或慢性疾病高发风险不容忽视。目前，我国许多区域性疾病高发的环境污染诱因尚不明确。解决这些环境健康问题亟待开展多学科协同的基础研究，建立“污染过程—人体暴露—人体响应—疾病发生”的全局研究路线，争取在暴露组学、超痕量测量与溯源方法学、分子流行病学、环境大数据和人工智能等交叉领域取得突破，实现健康风险导向的精准污染防控。     

高职院校课程思政改革初探--以食品毒理学为例

课程思政是高职院校思政工作的重点,为推动多元化教学改革,实现立德树人、教书育人,需将课程思政融于教学的方方面面,培养有职业道德的应用型人才。食品毒理学是食品专业的一门重要课程,挖掘食品毒理学实践教学中课程思政元素,探索该课程与思政教育结合的具体实施策略和方法,达到增强学生社会责任感、提升课堂教学效果的目标。