The Teacher Behavior Inventory: validation of teacher behavior in an interactive lecture environment

Students’ rating of teacher behaviors provides valuable information on teaching improvement and instructional quality. Unfortunately, there is a lack of new validated instruments for measuring teacher behaviors. The Teacher Behaviors Inventory is an old inventory that was initially developed to measure teaching behaviors as regards lecture-based instructions, which is effected through the use of low-inference items. The aim of this study was to assess its continued suitability in the present educational setting by examining its construct validity and internal consistency through the lens of one lecturer’s teaching behaviors, as rated by 527 students after six interactive lectures. The variables evaluated, as mentioned above, were achieved after an items removal process, which resulted in a 32-item version. Apart from being valid and reliable, this condensed version allows for immediate assessment of teaching behaviors after an instruction session as the rating procedure is now more straightforward and less time-consuming, and also enables a reduction in rating errors. Therefore, the 32-item format serves as a practical diagnostic feedback tool in the present educational arena, permitting a longitudinal teaching behavior assessment to enhance teachers’ professional development.     

近年我国货币政策有效性的分析

借鉴中西方经济学的有关理论,利用货币政策有效性理论模型简析近几年货币政策的执行情况,得出我国实际货币需求量与理论有效值域的相关性,对央行独立性、传导机制、货币政策工具运用等影响货币政策有效性因素进行分析。提出了深化金融改革,确保央行决策的独立性,完善市场机制,灵活运用货币政策工具,疏导货币政策传导机制,加强与国际金融机构的合作,引导虚拟钱币的健康发展等提高货币政策有效性的对策。     

《英语视听说(四)》笔试题型内容效度分析

本文采用定性分析方法对《英语视听说(四)》期末考试笔试题型分别从选材、听力理解技能、题量等方面进行内容效度分析。分析结果表明,该试题内容效度较高,满足了测试学生英语视听技能的目的。     

货币政策传导有效性研究述评

自从凯恩斯建立宏观经济分析框架以来,各经济学流派分别提出了各自的货币政策理论,但至今没有形成统一的认识,货币政策有效性一直是经济界研究的一个热点问题。在我国现阶段,货币政策已成为宏观经济调控的重要手段,但从实际操作情况看,调控效果并不理想,如何更为充分地发挥货币政策有效性仍是一个亟待研究解决的问题。本文通过对国内外相关文献的整理,对货币政策有效性、货币政策非对称性效应、货币政策传导机制和货币政策有效性影响因素的研究成果进行了总结和归纳,得出了一些基本结论,并在此基础上提出了已有研究的局限和未来研究的建议。     

从语言测试学角度试析改革后的CET考试

大学英语考试是全国性的用于评估和指导大学英语教学的标准相关常模参照性考试。它对英语的教与学既有积极的促进作用,也有着严重的负面影响。改革后的CET考试在效度、信度、难度以及可操作性上仍然存在着不可忽视的问题。CET考试不仅应信度、效度并重,还应注重考试的可操作性。此外,CET考试中,应该增设口语考试的内容,尽量做到听说读写译加权相当。     

主范式在推理有效性判断中的应用

给出了利用主析取范式、主合取范式判别推理有效性的两种方法,指出了由前提的主合取范式析取任何命题公式所得新公式均为前提的有效结论.     

提前失效专利对专利价值的影响研究

探索提前失效专利对专利价值的影响,对推进我国专利质量工程建设和知识产权强国战略实施,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。提前失效专利是指在专利有效保护期限内,应该有效但由于种种原因而提前终止效力的专利。基于IncoPat科技创新平台检索的、2002—2018年间中国全部发明授权专利数据3066400个检索结果,借助该平台人工智能技术植入价值度计算的应用模块,从四种主要专利申请人类型——产业、大学、科研院所和个人视角,分析了各类型申请人全部专利、有效专利、提前失效专利价值变化趋势。研究结果揭示了提前失效专利价值远远低于有效专利价值;失效率越高,价值度就越低;大学专利失效率最高等。下一步拟进一步探索专利提前失效的原因及应采取的防范措施,以全面提高专利价值和专利质量。     

Validity and reliability of a low-cost dynamometer to assess maximal isometric strength of upper limb

Muscle imbalance and deficit are key parameters for guiding rehabilitation and sports sessions and avoiding injuries. However, the high cost and non-portable nature of most instruments employed for muscle strength assessment frequently hamper an affordable evaluation in field conditions. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a low-cost digital dynamometer to assess the maximal isometric strength of upper limb muscles. Fourteen physically active volunteers performed the main movements of the upper limb at maximal isometric strength: flexion-extension, internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction of the shoulder; and flexion-extension of both elbow and wrist. Validity was examined by comparing the strength values from the low-cost digital dynamometer and those measured by an isokinetic dynamometer, assumed as the gold standard. The correlation between both devices was perfect (r > 0.913), while Bland-Altman plots showed absolute agreement between both devices, the maximum range of the values of bias was ?0.99–1.00 N in wrist extension. Inter-tester and intra-tester reliability were excellent for all movements (ICC ≥ 0.855). The low-cost digital dynamometer showed strong validity and excellent reliability in assessing maximal isometric strength during the main movements of the upper limb. Professionals may use it for an affordable isometric muscle strength assessment in field situations.     

锻炼社会支持量表的编制与信效度检验

有规律的体育锻炼对人们的身心健康具有积极的促进作用,而社会支持是影响锻炼行为的重要相关因素。因此本研究的目的在于编制和检验锻炼社会支持量表。通过结合现有研究文献和质性研究,确立了初测量表,并通过两轮定量研究,应用探索性和验证性因子分析,信度分析以及校标效度检验对该量表进行了标准化的信效度检验。结果表明锻炼社会支持量表由4个因子构成,即情感性支持、信息性支持、工具性支持、同伴性支持,共24个条目。统计分析显示,量表具有良好的结构效度、内部一致性、重测信度和校标效度。锻炼社会支持量表符合我国文化背景,可以作为在中国人群中进行锻炼社会支持测量的工具。     

Static and dynamic accuracy of a magnetic-inertial measurement unit used to provide racket swing kinematics

Magnetic-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) are becoming more prevalent in sports biomechanics and may be a viable tool to evaluate kinematic parameters. This study examined the accuracy of a MIMU to estimate orientation angles under static conditions and dynamically from a squash racket during a forehand drive shot. A MIMU was mounted onto a goniometer and moved through 0–90°, with static data collected at 10° increments during 10 repetitions of all three axes. Typical error analyses showed the MIMU to be very reliable (TE ≤ 0.03°). MIMU accuracy was determined via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) (r > 0.999, p < 0.001). An ordinary least products regression showed no proportional bias and minimal fixed bias for all axes. Dynamic accuracy was assessed by comparing MIMU and optical motion capture data of squash racket swing kinematics. A MIMU was fixed onto a racket and 10 participants each hit 10 forehand shots. Mean orientation angle error at ball impact was <0.50° and ICC showed very high correlations (r ≥ 0.988, p < 0.001) for all orientations. Swing phase root mean squared errors were ≤2.20°. These results indicate that a MIMU could be used to accurately and reliably estimate selected racket swing kinematics.