基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的大风浪条件下引航员登船水域选址

为保障大风浪条件下引航员登船安全、周边船和被引船的安全以及港口的安全高效运营,选取合理的引航员登船水域至关重要。综合考虑熵权法和TOPSIS法的优点,基于熵权-TOPSIS模型对大风浪条件下引航员登船水域进行优选研究。以大风浪条件下广州港引航员登船水域选址为例,运用该模型对3个备选方案进行评价,求得方案2的相对贴近度最大。该方案所述的引航员登船水域为大风浪条件下最优登船水域,且与实际选址一致。经实例验证,该模型较为可靠,实用性强。     

未来气候变化对中国东北地区水热条件影响的数值模拟研究

结合DKRZ　OPYC模式在中国东北地区的模拟试验结果,利用随机天气模式WGEN对该地区未来水热条件的可能变化进行数值模拟,由此可以克服以基准气候下建立的线性统计关系,通过大尺度平均气候要素研究气候资源变化的不足。文中不仅给出了农业气候资源基本特征量的变化,如作物生长季、≥0℃有效积温和不同时间尺度的平均降水量等,而且详细分析了2×CO2气候情景下,该地区极端气候要素值的可能变化,如生长秀内极端平均最高气温、冷害低温如日、≥30℃高温日、≥50mm暴雨日和日最大降水量等。文中还针对不同作物类型,以作物需水量和缺水量,模拟了未来气候条件下,该地区主要农作物春小麦、春玉米和一季稻水热条件匹配状况的可能变化。结果表明,未来增温有利于改善东北地区当前的热量条件,减轻低温冷害的危害;降水量增加有利于改善干旱地区作物的供水条件,提高作物产量。但是由于降水的增加不足以补偿增温引起蒸发蒸腾的增强,东北地区主要作物生长发育期间水分普遍不足,在没有灌溉条件的地区,农业产量将受到影响。另外,平均气候变化以后,气候极端值的变化将更加剧烈,因此,异常天气灾害对农业的危害程度有可能增加。     

利用传真地面图确定航线上的风情

对如何利用传真地面图确定航线上的风情进行了介绍。利用查表的方法确定航线上的风速非常便捷,风向确定也较容易,适合船舶驾驶员在实践中应用。经矢量标绘后,驾驶员可对航线的风情一目了然。     

Validating Student Score Inferences With Person‐Fit Statistic and Verbal Reports: A Person‐Fit Study for Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment

The goal of this study was to investigate the usefulness of person‐fit analysis in validating student score inferences in a cognitive diagnostic assessment. In this study, a two‐stage procedure was used to evaluate person fit for a diagnostic test in the domain of statistical hypothesis testing. In the first stage, the person‐fit statistic, the hierarchy consistency index (HCI; Cui, 2007 ; Cui & Leighton, 2009 ), was used to identify the misfitting student item‐score vectors. In the second stage, students’ verbal reports were collected to provide additional information about students’ response processes so as to reveal the actual causes of misfits. This two‐stage procedure helped to identify the misfits of item‐score vectors to the cognitive model used in the design and analysis of the diagnostic test, and to discover the reasons of misfits so that students’ problem‐solving strategies were better understood and their performances were interpreted in a more meaningful way.     

雾霾天气全民健身的调查研究

通过对数个城市健身群众和有关人员的调查和访谈了解到,雾霾天气时全民健身运动绝大多数人停止了,少部分人还在进行,其中一部分人对雾霾天气的危害性和所要采取的运动措施缺乏认识潜伏着危机。研究分析得出:雾霾天气下全民健身需要推行新的运动模式,需要建立专门机构,需要发挥全社会力量以确保全民健身的持久开展。     

事业单位年报委托注册会计师审计的可行性分析

党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》明确指出,推广政府购买服务,凡属事务性管理服务,原则上都要引入竞争机制,通过合同、委托等方式向社会购买。把事业单位年报纳入注册会计师审计范围,对规范事业单位财务会计行为,加快政府职能及经济发展方式转变具有重要意义。目前,从我省情况看,省级事业单位有600家,省财政厅监督局每年开展监督检查涉及省级事业单位的约为20家左右,仅占省级事业单位总量的3.33%,与实现财政监管工作全覆盖要求相距甚远。同时,事业单位的政府审计由于受到监督范围、能力水平及人员力量等综合因素的影响,以及事业单位内部审计在审计过程中可能受本系统或本单位的利益限制,我省事业单位财务管理工作还存在会计基础工作相对薄弱,内部控制不够健全,项目资金分配管理不规范等不少问题。所以,采用政府购买服务方式,将事业单位年报审计纳入注册会计师审计范围成为现阶段解决事业单位财务管理混乱的有效措施之一。     

科技报告委托方著作权问题分析

介绍科技报告所涉及的工业产权与著作权种类,论述科技报告合作作品、职务作品、委托作品的三重作 品性质,着重分析科技报告著作权的诞生、转移、归属状况。文章得出科技报告著作权在项目合同书中无另行约定的 情况下,归属项目承担单位的结论。这种著作权归属不利于国家科技报告制度的建设,在阐明了国家对科技报告著作 权的需求后,文章提出国家合理取得科技报告著作权的方式,认为国家应该与项目承担单位约定对科技报告取得排他 许可授权。     

Ugandan health libraries in the 21st century: key initiatives and challenges

This article is part of a series in this regular feature which looks at new directions in health science libraries. This paper highlights new initiatives aimed at ensuring health libraries can contribute to the development of Uganda in the 21st century and the challenges facing libraries. It stresses that for libraries to be successful they need to form networks and collaborations for resource sharing; take advantage of the benefits of information technology; computerise their library systems; as well as invest in the development of staff. The paper highlights the main challenge facing the library service as inadequate funding both from government for public‐funded health libraries and the private sector (for privately funded health libraries). The paper concludes that, despite the bottlenecks brought about by inadequate funding, Ugandan health libraries have taken positive steps to support health research and education, as well as patient care, not just for Uganda, but for the whole of the East African region. J.M.     

Three models of child abuse consultations: A qualitative study of inpatient child abuse consultation notes

Child abuse pediatricians have multiple roles in caring for abused children, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and, when needed, expert legal opinion. The child physical abuse consultation differs from the traditional medical consultation in that it has medical, investigative and legal audiences, all of whom have different information needs. How child abuse pediatricians approach their cases and how they document their initial inpatient consultations that will be used by such a diverse audience is currently unexplored. We used content analysis to examine 37 child physical abuse consultation notes from a national sample of child abuse pediatricians in order to understand physicians’ approaches to these consultations. Three commonly used models of child physical abuse consultation were identified in the data that we named the base model, the investigative model, and the family-dynamic model. While model types overlap, each is distinguished by key features including the approach used to gather information, the information recorded, and the language used in documentation. The base model most closely mirrors the traditional medical approach; the investigative model concentrates on triangulation of sources of information; and, the family-dynamic model concentrates on physician perceptions of family relationships. The three models of consultations for child physical abuse mirror the areas of child abuse pediatrics: diagnostic, forensic and therapeutic. These models are considered in relationship to best practice from other medical specialties with forensic components.     

Teaching Practicum assessment in post-apartheid teacher education: Is it self-serving or serving students?

This article investigates common understandings and practices of a group of supervisors assessing students during the Teaching Practicum in South Africa. In the light of this context and the need for a constructivist approach to develop students to be able to teach in diverse contexts, the question that the research intends to answer is as follows: What are the common foci of supervisors as reflected in their teaching practicum assessment reports? A randomly mixed sample of 33 narrative reports, taken from 5 supervisors was analysed to gain insight into the assessment report. Findings are presented as five assessment discourses and an argument is presented for the Teaching Practicum assessment to shift towards a student-oriented developmental approach that is neither hierarchical nor judgmental but aims at serving students’ professional development that meets the challenges of culturally diverse societies.