Spatial Discovery of Linked Research Datasets and Documents at a Spatially Enabled Research Library

Current publishing practices in academia tend to result in datasets that are difficult to discover. This is because datasets are not well-integrated across academic domains and they are often not linked to the documents that reference them. For these reasons, discovering datasets across domains can be challenging; for example, discovering archeological observations and biological specimens using the same search is not widely supported, even if both datasets share a similar spatial extent, like Mesoamerica. It is also challenging to retrieve relevant documents that reference datasets; for example, retrieving a series of field reports that reference archeological observations is typically not supported. Our work develops an extensible method for: (1) geographically integrating collections across disciplinary repositories and (2) connecting datasets to related documents. We describe a collection of spatially-referenced researcher datasets, capturing their metadata elements and encoding them as linked open data. We then leverage existing library services to formalize links from datasets to documents. The system described in this work has been deployed, resulting in an experimental open data site for the UCSB campus. Results indicate that this system can be scaled-up with support from an institutional repository in the near future.     

Digital Inclusion in Library Context: A Perspective from Users with Print Disability

Digital inclusion is a strategy pursued to foster social inclusion of those who have been sidelined from the mainstream of information society due to lack of access to digital technologies and the skills to use them. Libraries have been working to close the gap by providing access to computers, the Internet, digital content, and digital literacy programs. However, research reveals a new type of divide where digitally competent people could be digitally excluded. This shows the need for a better conceptualization of access and literacy. This paper commits to exploring the concept of access to digital content from the perspective of people with print disability. It involved in-depth interviews with ten participants with print disability where the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health was used as a framework for data analysis. The overall analysis shows that digital inclusion would be more meaningful if it involved providing content in alternative formats and empowering users to make informed choices. Issues such as flexibility and adaptability in content presentation and design of content discovery tools are among those discussed.     

俄罗斯科技英才选拔模式研究:形成、实践与特色——以莫斯科大学专业教学科研中心为例

英才是创新人才中最具创新能力的群体.科学有效的英才选拔是实施英才教育与提升我国自主创新能力的前提.尽管我国在创新人才选拔方面已有长期探索,但这一群体的选拔和培养仍有待完善.俄罗斯是世界上建立英才教育体系的先驱之一,其顶尖高校对创新人才的选拔以附属于高校的专业教学科研中心为基础.专业教学科研中心在半个多世纪的英才选拔实践...     

我「型」我素：基于Web2.0用户行为的数字图书馆型人

为在Web2.0时代设计更好的数字图书馆和信息服务的交互性,创建和使用型人是一项前沿趋势,而它建立在理解用户行为的基础上。因此,调查中国科学院497位博硕士的社会软件经验,透过卡方分析、因子分析和聚类分析的调查结果建立了4个虚拟人物。     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

Web服务集成企业信息系统

本文介绍Web服务技术的一般特点,阐述Web服务在开发分布式应用系统的天生优势,最后给出基于Web服务技术进行企业应用集成的一种方案。     

跳远运动员的选材与预测

本文从系统论和遗传学的角度,运用文献资料综述法和分析法,探讨如何控制跳远运动员的选材过程,并从生理、心理、身体素质等方面进行了研究,选出优秀的苗子进行早期培养,缩短成长周期,提高成材率。     

我国文献信息管理系统灾难备份的思考

数据的大集中有利于信息服务,但放大了数据灾难。在各类灾难备份(以下简称“灾备”)方案纷纷投向市场的今天,文献信息管理系统灾备方案的选择预伏了风险。怎样考虑灾备方案的建立,我国数字信息面临哪些灾难,哪些灾难可能通过科学的管理化解或降低其危害程度,文献信息管理系统如何选择灾备级别,我国图书馆、档案馆灾备中心建设的模式选择等,都是这篇文章讨论的焦点。     

档案保管外包服务能力评估研究

就档案保管外包服务机构而言,现行评估表档案保管硬件条件占比偏重;档案库房产权评估实操性不强;人员管理测评要求不高,以及安全保密体系测评力度不够,针对上述问题,结合实际,提出相应的改进建议,以期对档案保管外包服务能力评估现状有所裨益.     

中国高校分类标准及指标体系设计

高校分类标准是指用来区分高校性质、任务、能级的准则和参照系,是用于判断高校类型和层次的定性化尺度;高校分类指标是指在分类标准基础上用于测量或反映高校性质、任务、能级及发展现状的数量指征。高校分类标准及指标,应当从输入、多元的视角来设计。本文尝试从培养目标及学科专业、人才培养、科学研究、社会服务、学生成份、教师队伍、经济(地理)区域、宏观管理等八个维度,来设计中国高校的多元分类标准及指标体系。