对深化上海体育科学研究所科技体制改革的几点设想──上海体育科学研究所现状与出路分析

上海体育科学研究所（下称体科所）曾经为体育事业做出过贡献。在新的历史条件下体科所的进一步发展遇到了较大的困难。体制改革滞后是产生困难的深层次的原因。上海体育科技体制改革遇到了良好的机遇。抓住机遇，加大体科所科技体制改革力度，在经费运作、领导体制、组织机构、用工机制等方面作一番较为彻底的改变，是体科所保持可持续发展，开创新局面的出路所在。理顺体制；实现“科技兴体”，也是体科所对跨入新世纪的上海体育发展的一项历史责任。     

雄关漫道真如铁,而今迈步从头越──对职业技术学院科研工作的回顾与思考

教学与科研是教育工作者实现教育目标的具体实践过程。该文主要对学院近年来的科研情况进行了分析,并就如何改进学校的科研工作提出了对策与建议。     

广东省独立学院核心竞争力研究——基于教师科研能力的视角

文章通过对广东省独立学院教师科研现状的梳理及分析,提出了加强独立学院教师科研能力的对策,对独立学院在新形势下如何开展科研工作进行了有针对性的探索。     

从“死教育”到“活的教育”

生活教育理论确立之前大约存在10年的探索期,在这个时期陶行知诊断出中国教育的症结在于一个字“死”,无论是传统教育,还是清末以来的所谓洋学堂教育,依然延续着科举传统——死读书、读死书和读书死,迷信书本教育。另一方面,他在积极批判中国死教育的同时,也大力提倡和实践以自主、自动、自治、试验、创新、做事为核心的教学做合一的“活教育”理念。     

2000-2006年我国信息服务业论文的统计分析

本文通过对中国期刊全文数据库进行检索,以文献计量学的基本定律作为数据分析的基本方法,对2000-2006年信息服务业的研究论文进行统计,分别对论文年代、期刊分布、主题特征、合著率、核心作者及多产机构、作者地域分布进行分析,以期为后续相关研究提供参考.     

Circulating Biomarkers and their Possible Role in Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections

The present study evaluated the plausible role of circulating biomarkers in immune pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis considered a priority in clinical hepatology. Total viral load of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients was quantified and correlation studies were performed with circulating levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines; C reactive protein and circulating nucleosomes; glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase. To our knowledge, the study is first among its kind that validates strong positive correlation of viral load with IL-4, IL-6, GR in HBV and IL-6, IL-10, GR in HCV infections. Although, multi-centric studies including large cohorts are required for translating our findings to clinical practice, however, role of these biomarkers with potential diagnostic or prognostic significance might be helpful in clinical assessment of high-risk individuals, thereby, designing interventional strategies, towards development of personalized medicare. The results of our study also offer valuable insights of immune signaling mediators engaged in development of hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Beyond Epistemological Deficits: Dynamic explanations of engineering students’ difficulties with mathematical sense-making

Researchers have argued against deficit-based explanations of students’ difficulties with mathematical sense-making, pointing instead to factors such as epistemology. Students’ beliefs about knowledge and learning can hinder the activation and integration of productive knowledge they have. Such explanations, however, risk falling into a ‘deficit trap’—substituting a concepts/skills deficit with an epistemological one. Our interview-based case study of a freshman engineering major, ‘Jim,’ explains his difficulty solving a physics problem (on hydrostatic pressure) in terms of his epistemology, but avoids a deficit trap by modeling the dynamics of his epistemological stabilities and shifts in terms of fine-grained cognitive elements that include the seeds of epistemological expertise. Specifically, during a problem-solving episode in the interview, Jim reaches and sticks with an incorrect answer that violates common sense. We show that Jim has all the mathematical skills and physics knowledge he would need to resolve the contradiction. We argue that his difficulty doing so stems in part from his epistemological views that (i) physics equations are much more trustworthy than everyday reasoning, and (ii) physics equations do not express meaning that tractably connects to common sense. For these reasons, he does not view reconciling between common sense and formalism as either necessary or plausible to accomplish. But Jim’s in-the-moment shift to a more sophisticated epistemological stance highlights the seeds of epistemological expertise that were present all along: he does see common sense as connected to formalism (though not always tractably so), and in some circumstances, this connection is both salient and valued.     

A nine‐country survey of youth in Europe: selected findings and issues

A nine‐country survey of the life orientations, values and institutional trust of 8948 young people at the upper end of the secondary school age range was set up at the University of Würzburg in the year 2000. Key findings demonstrate that these young people value personal autonomy and are orientated to success in their professional lives and that they especially trust human rights and environmental groups. Religion is associated positively with humanitarianism and in some countries negatively with modernity. These findings provide an indication of the typical life stances of future opinion‐formers and illustrate methodological issues thrown up by international research.