The effect of citation behaviour on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure

Citation behaviour is the source driver of scientific dynamics, and it is essential to understand its effect on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure. This study explores the effect of citation behaviour on disciplinary knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure by comparing three types of citation behaviour trends, namely the high citation trend, medium citation trend, and low citation trend. The diffusion power, diffusion speed, and diffusion breadth were calculated to quantify knowledge diffusion. The properties of the global and local citation network structure were used to reflect the particular influences of citation behaviour on the scientific intellectual structure. The primary empirical results show that (a) the high citation behaviour trend could improve the knowledge diffusion speed for papers with a short citation history span. Additionally, the medium citation trend has the broadest diffusion breadth whereas the low citation behaviour trend might make the citation counts take off for papers with a long citation history span; (b) the high citation trend has a stronger influence and greater control over the intellectual structure, but this relationship is true only for papers with a short or normal citation history span. These findings could play important roles in scientific research evaluation and impact prediction.     

How public investment fuels innovation: Clues from government-subsidized USPTO patents

Considerably little effort has been devoted to systematically exploring the landscape of government-funded innovation schemes, leaving policymakers and academics little empirical evidence with which to grasp the overall situation of national R&D funding strategies. In the United States (US), patents with a government right or financial interest are flagged, offering a window through which we can examine the landscape of today's patterns of government support for innovation. We conduct the examination from the perspectives of the leading government agencies, the promotor-recipient relationship, and the common concerns of different participants. The results show that the R&D project funding by federal agencies has, among other factors, contributed to the growth in the number of patent records. The Departments of Defense (DoD), Energy (DoE), and Health and Human Services (HHS), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have issued the most funding and hold rights to more patent records than any other agencies. Moreover, reforms to the US patent system made 40 years ago to afford more protection to non-government assignees appear to have significantly impacted patenting activity. Universities, companies, and individuals have become far more active in fulfilling government-funded projects, with remarkable innovations as a result. In recent years, funding priorities have shifted toward research in biomedicine, fields related to human life, and computer science. However, the four dominant agencies responsible for most government funding differ in their investment priorities and frequently adjust which areas of innovation they support. This study is among the first attempts to support the landscape of the public-invested innovation using the full government-subsidized patent dataset. The analyses in this paper are instructive in understanding the dynamics of US government funding for innovation and informing effective policymaking around innovation.     

世界重点高校“知识管理”课程建设实证调查研究(Ⅱ)——分析与讨论

本文根据对世界重点高校"知识管理"课程建设的调查结果,采用定量和定性相结合的方法探讨该课程建设的有关重要问题及规律,深入分析了课程的教学模式、开设专业、课程内容、教学目标、教学方法与手段、课程性质与开设层次,并融合了作者的创新性观点和建议,以期为探索新型的知识管理课程体系和知识管理科学理论体系提供支持.研究表明知识管理教育是一个综合性、前沿性、高层次、系统化的复杂工程,是相关学科培养具有扎实的知识管理理论及应用基础、新型知识结构、高技术素质和创新能力的新型知识管理人才的重要途径.     

透视中国学术期刊的国际竞争力

学术期刊可以体现一个国家的科研竞争力,同时也是科学生产率的重要表现形式之一.中国作为世界上发展速度较快的国家之一,经济、军事、科技、教育等领域的发展都面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,因此把我国科技期刊置身于世界范围内进行比较和分析有着很重要的意义.本文利用JCR 2001～2005年的数据,从总被引,影响因子,即年指标,载文量等各项指标分析了中国学术期刊的期刊表现力和学术竞争力,得出以下结论:中国被收录的期刊数量稳步增长,但整体质量有待提高;被收录期刊所涉及的学科逐年增加,但学科内各期刊排名较后,仍需进一步加强;从期刊的角度来看,中国的学术期刊在过去的几年中有了很大的进步,成绩斐然,但这些进步主要是在自然科学方面,在社会科学方面中国学术期刊表现一直比较低迷.     

现代图书馆服务公共与产业属性之界定

当公共需求和责任被演变升华为具有普世价值的人权和使命时,图书馆服务就被嵌入了承载社会公共意志的特质--这就是它的公共属性.图书馆服务不同时代的公共目标与社会责任是其公共属性的现实表达.剥离公共属性的图书馆服务具有与产业性服务相同的服务行为特征和可产生经济效益的能质.从图书馆服务的双重属性出发,我们就可以包容进现代服务理论(如服务营销与服务管理等)来指导图书馆服务实践,并为其理论研究带来更为宽泛的基础和视角.现代图书馆事业一定程度上是在其服务的公共与产业属性不断交替的演进中发展的.     

论Millennium预约功能体现的服务理念

Millennium系统是当前世界上最先进的图书馆自动化系统之一,在一定程度上代表了未来图书馆自动化系统的发展方向。文章拟从Millennium系统的预约功能出发,评价其两种预约模式的优缺点,并探讨该系统所蕴含的读者服务理念。     

国家档案资源书目控制模式分析

国家档案资源的书目控制的目的，其一在于加强国家档案资源的监督与控制，其二便于国家档案资源的开发与共享。文章从探讨国家档案资源书目控制的必要性入手，分析了两种不同的国家档案资源书目控制模式的优势与不足，并指出了构建国家档案资源书目控制模式中的关键问题。     

关于西部地区高校图书馆参考咨询工作的思考

文章分析了作为西部地区信息重要基地的高校图书馆参考咨询工作的现状,提出了基于网络环境下的西部高校图书馆不应只满足传统的参考咨询,而要积极发展网络参考咨询和数字参考咨询服务,在西部大开发中为西部文化、政治、经济的发展作出应有的贡献.参考文献4.     

网络书目的文化解读

网络书目是网络文化活动的重要一环。受数字化和网络化影响，目录学进入到新的文化背景之下，网络书目的文化内涵也随之发生演化，书目的文化功能也得到进一步扩展。     

深网信息资源采集初探

深网信息资源采集是当前业界普遍关注的热点之一。本文首先介绍了深网概念，然后详细分析了影响深网信息资源采集的因素，并在总结国内外相关研究与实践的基础上，提出深网信息资源采集策略与思考。