Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.     

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.     

对中国早期学校运动会的历史考察

介绍了中国早期学校运动会产生的历史背景，阐述了学校运动会从单一的体操游戏到综合性运动会的发展特征。认为早期学校运动会的影响为：改变中国人传统体育观念；妇女体育得到重视；传统武术得到发展；锦标主义盛行。     

馆藏文献是人类文明的共同记忆——《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》试行有感

爱护文献资源是《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》规定的每个馆员应遵守的道德准则。图书馆员应树立馆藏文献是人类文明记忆的理念 ,建立科学管理制度 ,做到片纸不丢。规范职业行为 ,必须具有爱护文献资源的理念和品格。参考文献 3。     

专家审稿工作中的问题与对策

有感于审稿的重要性,编辑部及编辑对审稿人和审稿工作的影响,针对专家审稿工作中存在的问题,即审稿时间长、审稿意见简单、审稿意见相左等,提出了改进专家审稿工作的建议和对策.     

20世纪现代奥林匹克思想体系形成的历史回顾与21世纪走向的展望

现代奥林匹克运动经历了百余年的历史，这一过程也正是现代奥林匹克运动思想体系的形成与发展的过程。在现代竞技体育进入21世纪和中国全力申办2008年奥运会的今天，通过研究回顾了现代奥林匹克运动思想体系在20世纪的兴起和发展，进而展望其在21世纪的发展趋向。     

普世伦理广告心态刍议

广告的巨大影响使许多事物都带上了重在宣传的“广告心态” ,走出神学院和象牙塔进行普世化的普世伦理也未能免俗。内在逻辑上的填补缺失 ,方法手段上的化繁复为简约 ,社会功能上的灵魂麻醉 ,最终目的上的推销自己的主张 ,作为“沉默的大多数”的普世对象 ,所有这一切都使普世伦理和广告如出一辙 ,而这种将普世伦理等同于广告宣传的做法极易降低人们的思想水平 ,是不可取的。     

浅析兵家武德文化

在继承中华民族传统美德的基础上，研究和开发具有时代价值意义的武德资源，对于发挥武术文化在世界上的影响，为武术真正走向世界都具有重要的意义。     

普世伦理的必然性与可能性：－与郭广银、赵华现场商榷

科学意义上的“普世伦理”，作为一种客观的实体性存在，内涵于世界经济全球化趋势和世界市场秩序之中，其客观根据只能是世界经济全球化的趋势和人类的共同利益。人类社会面临的危机尤其是生存危机，使普世伦理道德的建立变得日益必要和迫切，但是，经济全球化还处在发展过程中之中，价值观还存在着严重的分歧和冲突，普世伦理还无未形成，因而当前普世俗化理还不具有现实性，只具有可能性。