对深化上海体育科学研究所科技体制改革的几点设想──上海体育科学研究所现状与出路分析

上海体育科学研究所（下称体科所）曾经为体育事业做出过贡献。在新的历史条件下体科所的进一步发展遇到了较大的困难。体制改革滞后是产生困难的深层次的原因。上海体育科技体制改革遇到了良好的机遇。抓住机遇，加大体科所科技体制改革力度，在经费运作、领导体制、组织机构、用工机制等方面作一番较为彻底的改变，是体科所保持可持续发展，开创新局面的出路所在。理顺体制；实现“科技兴体”，也是体科所对跨入新世纪的上海体育发展的一项历史责任。     

转型期江苏高校科技学术期刊现状与办刊对策

为深入了解高校科技学术期刊在转型时期遇到的问题,对江苏省高校主办的116种科技学术期刊的出版周期、出版规模、数字化进展与国际化程度进行调查与分析。结果表明:江苏高校学术期刊出版周期以季刊、双月刊为主,单刊出版比例高,网站信息服务薄弱,期刊国际化程度较低。应通过有效的资源整合和数字化平台建设,以及扩展国际化视野打造精品期刊,促进江苏高校科技学术期刊集群出版,加快数字化转型,提高国际影响力。     

Technology Knowledge and Use: A Survey of Science Educators

The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of technology use and know-how among members of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science. A web-based survey site and an e-mail merge invited members to participate in the study. The survey examined the differences between current and desired levels of knowledge about using technology as an instructional tool, to support research, to enhance productivity in classroom applications, and to enhance data collection and analysis. Large mean differences about using technology as an instructional tool were found, including: (1) teaching students at a distance, (2) database applications, and (3) desktop publishing. Small mean differences were found for telecommunications and word processing.     

流行体育文化视野下的河北省高校体育教学研究

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对河北省18所普通高校体育课程的教学现状进行了调查、研究和分析。针对教学中存在的问题,提出了改革高校体育教学的措施：强化体育教师对流行体育文化知识的再学习与培训;利用多媒体进行流行体育的欣赏与教学;重视流行体育知识与体育基础理论的相互融合;加强学校体育教学与社会体育机构的合作。     

Sex Differences in the Use of Science and Technology in Children's Cartoons

Television is among the many mechanisms that transmit information about sex-appropriate behavior to children. In order to examine whether television cartoons portray male and female characters using science and technology in a different manner, we examined the amount and type of science and technology utilized by characters in popular children's cartoons. Results revealed that most characters in these cartoons were male who were often depicted using science and technology, usually while being aggressive. When female characters were shown, they were portrayed as both able and prosocial, using science and technology for the greater good of others, rather than for destruction. In addition, female characters performed prosocial behaviors such as caring and sharing, showed self-confidence and explained things to others, and were less angry and violent than were male characters. Our findings suggest that the portrayal of female characters as competent may be successfully linked with the tendency to also show them as prosocial. Despite relatively positive portrayal of female characters, however, their appearance was rare and most likely not the main focus of the action.     

Essential Criteria to Characterize Constructivist Teaching: Derived from a review of the literature and applied to five constructivist‐teaching method articles

Constructivism is an important theory of learning that is used to guide the development of new teaching methods, particularly in science education. However, because it is a theory of learning and not of teaching, constructivism is often either misused or misunderstood. Here we describe the four essential features of constructivism: eliciting prior knowledge, creating cognitive dissonance, application of new knowledge with feedback, and reflection on learning. We then use the criteria we developed to evaluate five representative published articles that claim to describe and test constructivist teaching methods. Of these five articles, we demonstrate that three do not adhere to the constructivist criteria, whereas two provide strong examples of how constructivism can be employed as a teaching method. We suggest that application of the four essential criteria will be a useful tool for all professional educators who plan to implement or evaluate constructivist teaching methods.     

The Role of Metacognitive Activities in the Contextual Use of Primary Pupils' Conceptions of Science

This paper addresses the problematic nature of pupils' attempts to use their science conceptions in contexts other than the ones in which the original learning of the concept takes place. It reports research with 60 Year-5 primary school children studying current electricity, during which the researcher employed metacognitive activities alongside normal teaching procedures, in an attempt to enhance cross-contextual use of taught concepts. In order to assess the effect of different contexts on pupils' performance, a test was repeatedly administered over one school year that tested the same concepts in distinctly different contexts. Although the role of a familiar context is only partly determined, the results suggest that pupils' ability to use concepts in unfamiliar contexts is stable for a long period of time. The results also support the provision of metacognitive activities as a means of enhancing pupils' ability for cross-contextual use of their conceptions of science.     

学术性期刊数字化组配系统应用研究

【目的】为优化学术性期刊组稿,使已录用的稿件与栏目进行匹配和内部排序布局更加地合理,探讨学术期刊数字化组配系统的构建和应用。【方法】以《指挥控制与仿真》为例,介绍数字化组配系统的模型结构、开发经验及应用成效。【结果】 与传统的人工组稿相比,学术性期刊数字化组配系统能够简化和优化工作流程。【结论】利用学术性期刊数字化组配系统可以提高编辑部工作效率与办公自动化水平。     

服务冬奥、支撑发展：冰冻圈科学的延拓

冰冻圈科学作为一门自然和人文深度交叉的新兴学科,其目的是认识自然规律,服务人类社会,促进可持续发展。近年来,中国冰冻圈研究实现了从传统基础研究到服务国家重大需求的跨越,这标志着学科的日臻成熟。北京冬奥会是我国重要历史节点的重大标志性活动。早在2016年冬奥会申办成功之初,当意识到国际顶级赛事对雪冰特殊需求“近在眼前”后,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室即以国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目（三期）和中国科学院学部院士咨询项目为依托,率先在河北张家口滑雪场开展了观测研究。过去5年来,冬奥雪务需求牵引着我国冰冻圈科学团队在雪冰物理关键技术环节上集中攻关,推动了学科向应用领域的延拓,取得了预期成果。文章总结研究团队研发的冬奥雪务保障关键技术,展望我国冰雪产业发展路径,从战略思维、科学积淀及实践创新的角度阐述冰冻圈科学的应用及拓展,提出了相关思考和建议。