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Evidence on the dimensionality of self-construal points to the coexistence of both an independent and an interdependent self-image. Drawing on conceptualizations of the acculturation process, this study is a preliminary examination of the distinctiveness of four hypothesized self-construal patterns: Bicultural, Western, Traditional, and Culturally-alienated. Different types of individuals, having experienced varying amounts of cultural contact and having made different choices in adjusting to cultural groups, might portray distinctive self-construal patterns. Especially intriguing was the notion that those with a well developed sense of interdependence and a well developed sense of independence could be described as bicultural. To test this, persons from four a priori identified groups were selected to represent the four patterns of self-construal. We predicted that on a measure of self-construal, the mean scores of the respondents in the four groups would differ in strength with the bicultural experience group, in particular, exhibiting both a high independent and a high interdependent score on a measure of self-construals. Our hypotheses were supported. In terms of independent self-construal, the Bicultural and Western groups scored significantly higher than the Traditional and Alienated groups. For the interdependent self-construal, the Traditional and Bicultural groups scored significantly higher than the Western and Alienated groups. The bicultural group was the only group to score significantly higher on both types of construals. The availability of both types of self-construal would likely facilitate communication and adaptive behaviors for persons interacting in multiple cultures. 相似文献
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In this article we intend to contribute to the understanding of interest-driven learning which occurs when people find and
choose an interest of their own. This engagement continues over a long time and includes development and learning. The empirical
material consists of 14 learning stories written by experienced and skilled informants in folk dance and different crafts. The purpose is to illuminate the diversity
and complexity of learning and meaning the informants assign to dance or crafts. This is what we consider to be the perspective
of learning by interest. We also argue for the importance of understanding learning by interest as embedded in cultural heritage and social and cultural
changes. Theoretically, we draw on John Dewey (1913/2009; 1934/2005). Learning folk dance or crafts is largely a question of learning by doing, which makes experience important. The interest and effort involved can in our interpretation be understood as experiences where expressions of commitment are embedded. The empirical analysis highlights three emphases in this illumination of the learning process. The first considers
the individual development of skill in relation to broadened learning of collective tasks. The second perspective focuses
on the interplay between learning in a life course and significant learning experiences. The third concerns the interplay
between personal meaning and craftsmanship. In sum, this paper contributes to the understanding of learning by interest as
a useful concept. In the final discussion we expand our perspective since the contrast is obvious between learning by interest
and interpretations of the contemporary society, where individualization and lack of commitment is stressed. 相似文献
5.
Professor Desmond Swan 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(1):143-155
6.
A Review of Research on School Bullying Among African American Youth: An Ecological Systems Analysis
Desmond Upton Patton Jun Sung Hong Abigail B. Williams Paula Allen-Meares 《Educational Psychology Review》2013,25(2):245-260
School bullying and peer victimization are social problems that affect African American youth across various environmental contexts. Regrettably, many of the empirical research on bullying and peer victimization among African American youth has examined individual and direct level influences in silos rather than a constellation of factors occurring in multiple settings, such as home, school, and neighborhood. As a holistic model, the social–ecological framework provides a context with which to situate and interpret findings and draw implications from a broader psychosocial framework, which can be applicable across various systems. We utilize Bronfenbrenner’s (American Psychologist 32:513–531, 1977) social–ecological framework as a springboard for investigating the accumulation of risk contributors and the presences of protective factors in relation to school bullying and peer victimization of African American youth. More specifically, we examine the risk and protective factors occurring in the micro- (i.e., parents, peers, school, and community), exo- (i.e., parental stress), and macrosystem levels (i.e., hypermasculinity, and gender role beliefs and stereotypes). We then discuss implications for research and school-based practice. 相似文献
7.
Geraldine Scanlon Yvonne Barnes-Holmes Ciara McEnteggart Deirdre Desmond Nigel Vahey 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2016,31(1):44-58
The experiences of pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN) and their parents at pre-transition from primary to post-primary school have received little attention in the literature. The current study investigated these experiences using a mixed methods approach within the Irish educational system. Thirty-two pupils with SEN and 42 parents of pupils with SEN participated in focus groups, and also completed a questionnaire which qualitatively complemented the parental focus groups. Emergent themes for pupils included: things I will miss; fitting in and performing as well as others; laying the groundwork: getting to know new people; and experiencing and talking about ‘going to the new school’. Emergent themes for parents included: losing ground?; information is critical: ‘I’m not asking for the moon, but a bit more information’; I’d like help but I don’t want to make trouble for my child; and challenge and support. Critical issues emerging from the data concerning pre-transition experiences for both pupils and parents are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Desmond L. Nuttall 《教育心理学》1988,8(4):229-236
9.
Renate Nestvogel Harold J. Noah Sixten Marklund Richard Noonan John Nisbet Desmond J. Keegan Jeremy Greenland Robert G. Thomas Douglas Thom Mina J. Moore-Rinvolucri Wolfgang Tietze A. Harry Passow Michael A. White D. S. Anderson Philip G. Altbach R. Gardner Bogdan Suchodolski Malcolm Rosier Ronald H. Wilson David H. Partington 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1983,29(4):493-521
10.
The validity of assessments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Desmond L. Nuttall 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1987,2(2):109-118
The paper reviews the concept of validity, and adopts the formulation that validity is the extent to which the results of an assessment can be generalized. The evidence about the validity of paper-and-pencil tests is then examined, leading to the conclusion that the relationship between performance on such tests and criteria of occupational performance is generally very modest. Research about the factors influencing performance on assessment tests is reviewed, and the three main categories of factor found to be motivation, the conditions of assessment and the way in which the task is presented. In conclusion, the responsibility of the assessor to elicit the condidate’s best performance is contrasted with the responsibility to ensure the validity of the results of the assessment, and hence to ensure that the sample of behaviour assessed is representative of the universe of interest. 相似文献