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Individual behaviour change is fast becoming a kind of ‘holy grail’ to tackle climate change, in environmental policy, the environmental movement and academic literature. This is contested by those who claim that social structures are the main problem and who advocate collective social action. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to better understand why environmentally concerned citizens choose one of these two types of engagement. Our focus is on the role of experiences of and/or convictions about power in shaping this choice. Within the framework of an explorative qualitative study, we engaged in in-depth interviews with 12 young environmentally concerned citizens. On this basis, five main findings are elaborated. Firstly, powerlessness is shown to be a crucial experience, whatever the respondents’ engagement. Secondly, ‘strategy scepticism’ seems to be a more important obstacle for engagement than ‘climate scepticism’. Thirdly, many respondents express significant resistance towards being ‘conditioned’ by awareness-raising campaigns. Fourthly, a ‘gap’ is observed between respondents’ analysis and their strategy proposals. Finally, we underscore another important gap between concrete and abstract levels in respondents’ discourses. All these findings disclose paradoxical aspects of the role of power in shaping the concerned citizens’ engaged choices. 相似文献
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Central to this article is a case study of one particular governmental instrument in Flanders, the educational magazine ‘Klasse voor Ouders’ (Klasse for Parents). This popular magazine aims to provide information for and communication with parents as one of the target groups in the educational field. Despite the claimed formal and neutral character, in this study, we assume that ‘Klasse voor Ouders’ plays a larger role by contributing to the (re-)organisation of the public debate. We suggest that through the ‘order of discourse’ and thus, through what is said and written, an educational reality is created in which parents and the government are ‘positioned’ and are asked to reflect on themselves and to act in a well-defined way. By means of a critical discourse analysis in line with Fairclough, we illustrate how parents are understood as having a continuous ‘drive’ for improving the quality of their own parenting practice while the government is positioned as in charge of and in control for creating a kind of ‘parental learning community’. 相似文献
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Matthew B. Byrne Lisa Trump Amit V. Desai Lawrence B. Schook H. Rex Gaskins Paul J. A. Kenis 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(4)
Diffusion of
autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules allows cells to
communicate in the absence of physical contact. This chemical-based, long-range
communication serves crucial roles in tissue function, activation of the immune system,
and other physiological functions. Despite its importance, few in vitro
methods to study cell-cell signaling through paracrine factors are available today. Here,
we report the design and validation of a microfluidic platform that enables (i) soluble molecule-cell and/or
(ii) cell-cell paracrine signaling. In the microfluidic platform, multiple cell
populations can be introduced into parallel channels. The channels are separated by arrays
of posts allowing diffusion of paracrine molecules between cell
populations. A computational analysis was performed to aid design of the microfluidic platform.
Specifically, it revealed that channel spacing affects both spatial and temporal
distribution of signaling molecules, while the initial concentration of the signaling
molecule mainly affects the concentration of the signaling molecules excreted by the
cells. To validate the microfluidic platform, a model system composed of the
signaling molecule lipopolysaccharide, mouse macrophages, and engineered human embryonic
kidney
cells was introduced into the platform. Upon diffusion from the first
channel to the second channel, lipopolysaccharide activates the macrophages which begin to
produce TNF-α. The TNF-α diffuses from the second channel to the third channel to
stimulate the kidney
cells, which express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in response. By
increasing the initial lipopolysaccharide concentration an increase in fluorescent
response was recorded, demonstrating the ability to quantify intercellular communication
between 3D cellular constructs using the microfluidic platform reported
here. Overall, these studies provide a detailed analysis on how concentration of the
initial signaling molecules, spatiotemporal dynamics, and inter-channel spacing affect
intercellular
communication. 相似文献
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