Counselor Trainee Effectiveness: More Puzzle Pieces?

This study continues the search for meaningful relationships between counselor trainee characteristics and effectiveness. Self-disclosure, dogmatism, locus of control, Machiavellianism, academic aptitude, and sex of counselor trainees were investigated for their relationships to effectiveness during practicum or internship. The nature of these relationships as well as their implications for the counseling profession are discussed.     

Women Chief Executives and their Approaches Towards Equity in American Universities

This article investigates the role of equity, diversity and affirmative action in colleges and universities in the USA-all are policy and programmatic mechanisms designed to offer educational opportunities to those who have not been full participants in American higher education. A context is offered via a breakdown of relevant demographic characteristics, a review of the literature, and an examination of the evolution and current state of equity and affirmative action in American higher education. Finally, a perspective of the current climate in American academe is offered through an analysis of the results of a series of qualitative interviews with African American women university executives. General thematic policy and programmatic motifs are articulated which can help ensure post-secondary options for those who might normally be denied opportunities.     

Graduate and Undergraduate Internships in Human Services: A National Directory

The authors describe a national, generic directory of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral internships for human service agencies. Internships are listed for the following types of human service agencies: community mental health, mental retardation, corrections, rehabilitation, and others. Each internship listing includes, by degree level, the following information: (a) number of internship positions available, (b) availability of stipends, (c) typical intern roles and functions emphasized and percentage of time spent in each, (d) length of internship, (e) major theoretical orientations of agency staff, and (f) prerequisite training and experiences. By degree level, the number of human services internship positions listed in the directory are as follows: bachelor's, 65; master's, 246; and doctoral, 163.     

DIAGNOSING STUDENTS' ERRORS FROM THEIR RESPONSE SELECTIONS IN LANGUAGE ARTS

This set of studies examined the consistency of student response patterns on a test of language arts, as a first step toward designing a computerized adaptive test to diagnose errors. A diagnostic domain-referenced language arts test was designed so that the choice of response would immediately point to a specific misconception in pronoun usage. This direct correspondence between error and diagnosis was designed to facilitate classroom instruction and remediation. Analysis of students' response choices on matched items and analysis of students' rationales for selecting their responses showed that student behavior was not always consistent and could be used to diagnose some errors but not others.