Comparison of individual factors in school psychology graduate students: Why do students pursue a degree in school psychology?

The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors influenced students to enter the field of school psychology. Although numerous studies have documented the thoughts and perspectives of practitioners regarding why they have chosen to become school psychologists, attempts to recruit and retain an adequate number of school psychology practitioners and researchers have shown limited success. A national sample of 307 school psychology graduate students responded to a survey designed to measure issues related to the current state of professional practice, the influence of parental education, and professional organization recruitment. Results indicated that working with children and personal experiences within the school system were highly related to participant's decisions to become school psychologists. In addition, doctoral level and nondoctoral level students present similar reasons for entering the field. This research is discussed in terms of its implications for future research and the current shortage of school psychology practitioners and faculty. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 865–872, 2007.     

Different centre of pressure patterns within the golf stroke I: Cluster analysis

Weight transfer research in the golf swing has produced conflicting and inconclusive results. A limitation of previous studies is the assumption that only one swing "style" exists within the golf swing. If different styles, or movement strategies, exist and if the different styles are analysed together in a single group, statistical errors will result. The aim of this study was to determine if different weight transfer styles exist in the golf swing by applying cluster analysis to centre of pressure (CP) patterns in the direction of hit (CPy) and to evaluate cluster analysis issues. Sixty-two professional to high handicap golfers performed simulated drives, hitting a golf ball into a net, while standing on two force plates. Centre of pressure position relative to the feet (CPy%) was quantified at eight swing events identified from 200-Hz video. Cluster analysis identified two major CPy% styles: a "Front Foot" style and a "Reverse" style. Both styles began with CPy% positioned evenly between the feet, moved to the back foot during backswing, and then forward during early downswing. Beyond early downswing, the Front Foot group continued to move CPy% to the Front Foot through to ball contact, while the Reverse group moved CPy% towards the back foot through ball contact and follow-through. Both weight transfer styles were evident across skill levels from professional to high handicap golfers, indicating that neither style was a technical error. Cluster analysis should include hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering and use objective measures combined with theoretical assessment to determine the optimal number of clusters. Furthermore, a number of validation procedures should always be used to validate the solution.     

Teaching and nurturing: changing conceptions of self as teacher in a case study of becoming a teacher

Interest is growing in better understanding how teachers think and how they come to think like teachers. From a theoretical orientation informed by insights gained from symbolic inter‐actionism, recent research in the role metaphors play in self‐understanding, and schema theory, the authors present a case study of the first year of teaching of a divorced mother of five young children. Over the course of the year this teacher's understanding of herself as teacher changes, as indicated by changes in her personal teaching metaphor, teacher is nurturer. The reasons for these changes are explored. Of particular note is the struggle this teacher has balancing the demands of home and work. Finally, some implications for teacher education are discussed.     

The Impact of a Decade of Educational Change on Pastoral Care and PSE: A Survey of Teacher Perceptions

This paper reports an investigation via questionnaire into the changes in pastoral care and PSE since 1988 and the Reform Act. The author outlines the key changes since 1988 and constructs several hypotheses. These hypotheses predict that the effects on these two areas will have been negative. However, the results obtained from the survey were more positive than expected. Many respondents saw the changes as having increased the perceived importance of pastoral care.     

青少年运动缺乏症研究的10大问题

摘要：运动缺乏症（EDD）是一种儿科疾病,特点是中高强度体力活动（MVPA）下降,低于目前的推荐量,也与积极的健康结果（health outcomes）不一致。目前,大多数儿童和青少年符合EDD的诊断标准,因为他们没有达到日常MVPA的最低要求。本文的目的是强调10个与青少年EDD有关的重要研究问题。需要进行重要的研究来更好的定义EDD的临床表现,包括评估体力活动行以确定开始出现EDD的年龄或发育阶段;包括运动技巧和体能的运动起源（kinesiogenesis）的检测;以及对影响青少年MVPA的生活方式因素的评估。关于治疗EDD的干预措施和政策的研究问题,包括评估对卫生保健从业者进行运动医学重要性的教育和训练;确定在临床上识别和治疗EDD青少年的方法的有效性;开发敏感的、特效的、经济的方法以诊断青少年EDD;以及定制方法以促进本病诊疗的医疗保险赔付。如果未来研究不能优化EDD青少年的识别、治疗和管理方案,具有重大影响的生物医学、心理、经济和政治的新的卫生保健问题将会不断出现。     

“Jagged Edges”: Victim Blaming,Student Care,and Legally Defensible Sexual Assault Investigations

Victims and survivors of sexual violence are sometimes blamed for the assault because of irrelevant factors such as how much they had to drink or what they wore. Research has indicated that conservative religious beliefs increase the prevalence of victim blaming. In order to see if this pattern extended to college administrators, we used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach and interviewed eight sexual assault investigators at a faith-based institution to understand their lived and shared experiences. Four significant themes emerged from our study: the tension between student care and a legally defensible process, hope amid a never-ending saga, forbidden knowledge, and victim blaming. We conclude with a call to focus more carefully on language used, recommendations for decreasing the prevalence of victim blaming, and on preventing investigators from compassion fatigue, vicarious traumatization, and burnout.