武术运动员大强度训练的体能保障措施探讨

从大强度训练的需要出发,定期测试评价武术运动员的身体机能及承受的训练负荷,探讨体能保障措施对训练效果的影响,制定合理的营养品补充方案,使训练手段的安排与体能保障措施相结合,保证大强度训练的实施,不断提高竞技能力。     

How Language Limits Our Understanding of Environmental Education

The article is used to develop a theory of metaphor that helps explain how, in many instances, environmental education contributes to the double bind of helping to address environmental problems while at the same time reinforcing the use of the language/thought patterns that underlie the digital phase of the Industrial Revolution we are now entering on a global scale. In addition, it is suggested that environmental educators need to help students understand the connections between cultural practices and degraded environments, thus overcoming a widespread tendency to associate the word 'ecology' with natural systems rather than recognizing that the culturally influenced activities of humans are now integral, in largely destructive ways, to the workings of natural systems. The narrow meaning of ecology has led to an ecomanagement approach that has had the effect of limiting the larger public's sense of responsibility to that of recycling. It is further suggested that environmental educators cooperate with teachers in other disciplines in order to assist students in understanding and participating in the non-consumer-oriented activities and relationships within their local communities. Learning about the community-centered alternatives to consumerism is part of the solution to the growing problem of global warming and changes in the chemistry of the world's natural systems. But this will involve greater understanding on the part of environmental educators of how the language of the curriculum marginalizes the importance of face-to-face, intergenerationally connected communities, while reinforcing the assumptions that lead to equating technological innovations with progress, to the sense of being an autonomous individual, to viewing the environment as an exploitable resource, and to the belief that science and technology will rescue humanity from its hubris and environmental miscalculations.     

Hypertext and collaboration: Observations on Edward Barrett's philosophy

In a departure from the view that characterizes hypertext as a new writing paradigm based on old associationist ideas, Edward Barrett has proposed a model for hypertext that rejects cognitive and associationist language as both unnecessary and inaccurate. In this view, knowledge, reality, and even facts are community generated, “linguistic entities,” and hypertext supports the “social interface” rather than the “deep structure” of thought. This essay considers some of the premises of Barrett's proposal. A central issue is the rejection of the “authorial imperative” of structured information in favor of a view of writing as an open‐ended ever‐changing conversation in which readers and writers collaborate to discover—or generate—reality.