武当山近50年考古新发现(续)

近50年的考古调查发掘表明,武当山不仅是我国著名的风景和道教圣地,而且也是我国罕见的一个历史悠久、蕴藏丰富的"文博之乡".从史前的动植物化石、新石器时代的遗址,到有史以来的历代古迹、墓葬和遗存,几乎可以勾画出自生命的起源、人类的诞生以及进入文明时代的一个清晰线索和图景.     

职业教育校本课程开发对教师专业化发展的意义与要求

校本课程开发本身赋予教师一定的职能,并对教师的专业化发展提出了素质要求。教师要真正成为职业教育校本课程开发的主体,就应该注重自身的专业化发展,利用自身深厚的专业知识与技能和高尚的职业道德品质与人文素质,积极推进课程的校本化。     

Childhood abuse and neglect and adult intimate relationships: a prospective study

OBJECTIVE: The present study extends prior research on childhood maltreatment and social functioning by examining the impact of early childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect on rates of involvement in adult intimate relationships and relationship functioning. METHOD: Substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect from 1967 to 1971 were matched on gender, age, race, and approximate family class with non-abused and non-neglected children and followed prospectively into adulthood. Between 1989 and 1995, 1,196 participants (676 abused and neglected and 520 controls) were administered a 2-hour in-person interview, including a psychiatric assessment and a variety of standardized rating scales. RESULTS: Male and female abuse and neglect victims reported higher rates of cohabitation, walking out, and divorce than controls. Abused and neglected females were also less likely than female controls to have positive perceptions of current romantic partners and to be sexually faithful. CONCLUSIONS: Although previous research on childhood maltreatment and adult intimate relationships has emphasized outcomes for female victims of childhood sexual abuse, present findings suggest that other forms of early maltreatment (physical abuse and neglect) also have a negative effect on both males' and females' ability to establish and maintain healthy intimate relationships in adulthood.     

Human kinematics and event control: on-line movement registration as a means for experimental manipulation

In human movement and sports science, manipulations of perception and action are common and often comprise the control of events, such as opening or closing liquid crystal goggles. Most of these events are externally controlled, independent of the actions of the participants. Less common, although sometimes desirable, are event manipulations that are dependent on the unconstrained movements of participants. As an example, we describe a method we used previously to manipulate vision of basketball jump shooters on the basis of on-line registration of their own movements. The shooters wore liquid crystal goggles that opened or shut as a function of specific kinematic features of these movements. The novel aspect of this method is that the criteria for detecting movement patterns and performing the appropriate manipulations are adjustable to the specific sport context and the complexity and variations of the unconstrained movements. The method was implemented as a finite state machine: a computer system that can be used for pattern recognition. We discuss this method, how it works and the potential it has for studying perceptual-motor skills in sport. Furthermore, the results of the basketball experiment are briefly summarized and complemented with new analyses.     

A comparison of the intra-cyclic velocity variation in breaststroke swimmers with flat and undulating styles

The aim of this study was to establish differences in intra-cyclic horizontal velocity variation of the body's centre of mass in breaststroke swimmers with flat and undulating styles. Vertical eel-like body waving and trunk rotations were measured to distinguish styles. To reconstruct trunk extension and kyphosis in the poorly visible zone close to the water surface, a semi-automated video-analysis system was developed. From 45 internationallevel swimmers examined, two groups of women and two groups of men were identified, those using the most undulating and those using the flattest styles. Among the men with the flattest style, the maximum and minimum horizontal velocity of the body's centre of mass differed by 76% from the mean swimming velocity; among the women with the most undulating style, the figure was 53%. In the most undulating style, less horizontal velocity variation of the body's centre of mass could be explained by movements of the body parts above the water surface, creating a transfer of momentum: a quick backward upper trunk rotation generates resistance and a quick forward shoulder girdle and upper arm movement, followed by a quick forward upper trunk and head rotation, generates propulsion. In addition, during an upward leg kick, some swimmers generated propulsion similar to that seen in eels.     

探讨临时支撑卸载分析中的两种方法

目前在工程中，临时支撑卸载过程的分析和模拟主要有两种方法．利用这两种方法分别建立临时支撑卸载的有限元模型并在ANSYS中对这两个模型的卸载过程进行模拟和分析，从理论上和有限元分析结果上对这两种方法进行了探讨．     

Quantitative Linguistic Predictors of Infants’ Learning of Specific English Words

To evaluate which features of spoken language aid infant word learning, a corpus of infant‐directed speech (M. R. Brent & J. M. Siskind, 2001) was characterized on several linguistic dimensions and statistically related to the infants’ vocabulary outcomes word by word. Comprehension (at 12 and 15 months) and production (15 months) were predicted by frequency, frequency of occurrence in one‐word utterances, concreteness, utterance length, and typical duration. These features have been proposed to influence learning before, but here their relative contributions were measured. Mothers’ data predicted learning in their own children better than in other children; thus, vocabulary is measurably aligned within families. These analyses provide a quantitative basis for claims concerning the relevance of several properties of maternal English speech in facilitating early word learning.     

技术创新网络中核心企业形成的三状态模型研究——基于企业间关系耦合的分析

技术创新网络的扩张与核心企业的成长相互促进,相互决定,形成了复杂的共生演化关系。以知识为基础的企业,必须在各个层次上构建网络,维护多层交互作用,加强与其他企业的合作。从企业间关系耦合的视角,分析了技术创新网络中核心企业的形成过程,提出技术创新网络中各结点企业间的技术合作是一种相互间的知识协同。研究发现,企业间技术交流的过程就是企业间知识匹配——知识流动——知识控制的过程,而技术创新网络中的企业结点也是通过这三种状态,使自身能力得到提升,进而影响到与其他结点的知识协同,并最终成长为核心企业。     

洞庭湖水质变化趋势的研究

以洞庭湖1992-2010年系列监测资料为依据,对洞庭湖19年的整体水质情况、富营养化状况以及主要污染指标进行了评价分析。结果表明:洞庭湖水质污染以氮磷污染为主,水体状况呈逐渐恶化的趋势,富营养化程度逐年加剧。2007年对洞庭湖流域进行整治后,水体中化学需氧量降低,但水体总氮和总磷浓度仍呈上升趋势,致使洞庭湖水体中叶绿素a含量和浮游植物数量显著增加。