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Background: computer software is widely used to support literacy learning. There are few randomised trials to support its effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rigorously evaluate computer software that supports literacy learning.

Methods: we undertook a pragmatic randomised controlled trial among pupils aged 11–12 within a single state comprehensive school in the North of England. The pupils were randomised to receive 10 hours of literacy learning delivered via laptop computers or to act as controls. Both groups received normal literacy learning. A pre‐test and two post‐tests were given in spelling and literacy. The main pre‐defined outcome was improvements in spelling scores.

Results: 155 pupils were randomly allocated, 77 to the ICT group and 78 to control. Four pupils left the school before post‐testing and 25 pupils did not have both pre‐ and post‐test data. Therefore, 63 and 67 pupils were included in the main analysis for the ICT and control groups respectively. After adjusting for pre‐test scores there was a slight increase in spelling scores, associated with the ICT intervention, but this was not statistically significant (0.954, 95% confidence interval (CI) – 1.83 to 3.74, p = 0.50). For reading scores there was a statistically significant decrease associated with the ICT intervention (?2.33, 95% CI ?0.96 to ?3.71, p = 0.001).

Conclusions: we found no evidence of a statistically significant benefit on spelling outcomes using a computer program for literacy learning. For reading there seemed to be a reduction in reading scores associated with the use of the program. All new literacy software needs to be tested in a rigorous trial before it is used routinely in schools.  相似文献   

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Doctoral programs in counseling were surveyed concerning their comprehensive examination practices. Most programs require examinations, but practices vary widely regarding degree of structure and procedures.  相似文献   
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本文论述了过去100年中基础医学科学在本科生医学课程中的作用和课程改革,讨论了进入21世纪之际仍然反映在医学教育中科学与技艺之间的紧张关系。  相似文献   
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如果说有什么关于经济的好消息的话,那当属各大公司开始大幅度盈利这一条了.  相似文献   
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如果说有什么关于经济的好消息的话,那么当属各大公司开始大幅盈利这一条了。根据汤姆森露透科技信息集团发布的信息,80%的S&P500(标准普尔500指数)公司的盈利颧都超过了华尔街分析师的预算额。这是汤姆森路透社自1994年开始追踪此类信息以来获取的最令人惊喜的数据。尽管如此,仍有14%的大企业的表现不像华尔街分析师预测得那么好。有的尽管发展缓慢。但至少也在盈利;而有的就是完全亏损运营,无法扭转局面。下面就是美国10大表现欠佳的公司:  相似文献   
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