Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.     

学习团队协作信息搜索的共享心智模型研究

[目的/意义] 对协作信息搜索进行深入研究，为专业化协作信息搜索系统平台建设优化等提供启发和借鉴。[方法/过程] 聚焦于学习团队的信息搜索行为，以高校学生为研究样本，以共享心智模型为切入点，采用扎根理论研究方法，探讨协作信息搜索中团队共享心智模型建构过程。[结果/结论] 识别出四大核心环节——个体感知与探索、团队任务解析、团队信息收集和团队信息整合，并理清各环节的认知活动与共享心智模型内容要素。     

A meta-cognitive approach to doping in sports: The effects of thought validation on attitudes related to doping

ABSTRACT

To better understand doping-related attitude change, it is important to consider not only the amount of thinking (i.e., elaboration) done by message recipients, but also the favourability of their thoughts in response to the proposal, as well as the perceived validity in their thoughts. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the effects of a meta-cognitive process (i.e., thought validation) on attitudes related to doping. Thus, we randomly assigned participants to read a message either against or in favour of legalising several doping behaviours. Participants listed their thoughts regarding the proposal and indicated the perceived validity in their thoughts, then reported their attitudes. As hypothesised, the message against legalisation elicited more unfavourable thoughts and attitudes than the message in favour of legalisation. Most relevantly, the effects of the message direction on attitudes were greater for participants with higher (vs. lower) levels of thought validity. Furthermore, consistent with the thought validation process, results revealed that thought favourability was a better predictor of attitudes for participants with higher (vs. lower) perceived thought validity, indicating that perceiving one’s thoughts as valid plays an important role in persuasion. These findings provide novel insights for research and interventions regarding doping in sports.     

山东省新泰体操运动学校女子6—7岁组优秀运动员竞技能力各因素相关分析

为提高女子少儿体操运动员选材效果 ,科学地制订运动训练计划以及有效地控制训练的过程 ,对山东省连续两年获得女子 6～ 7岁组团体冠军的新泰体操运动学校 8名优秀运动员 ,进行了身体形态、素质、基本技术等因素各指标的测试 ,用因素分析法探讨了各因素对竞技能力的关联程度。结果表明 ,身体形态匀称即四肢长、手大、髋小、肩宽、体重轻等的女子少儿是较理想的体形 ;素质训练过程中 ,应着重注意增强腹背力量、爆发力和上肢力量 (尤其是支撑力量 ) ;基本技术训练过程中 ,应偏重于自由操翻腾技术的训练 ,这样对其他三项的翻腾技术起到正诱导和促进作用 ,能进一步提高竞技能力。     

简论证据分类

本文对证据分类问题作了较为深入的探究 ,并对证据的不同分类在诉讼证明中的地位和作用进行了有益的分析     

Measuring Search Engine Quality

The effectiveness of twenty public search engines is evaluated using TREC-inspired methods and a set of 54 queries taken from real Web search logs. The World Wide Web is taken as the test collection and a combination of crawler and text retrieval system is evaluated. The engines are compared on a range of measures derivable from binary relevance judgments of the first seven live results returned. Statistical testing reveals a significant difference between engines and high intercorrelations between measures. Surprisingly, given the dynamic nature of the Web and the time elapsed, there is also a high correlation between results of this study and a previous study by Gordon and Pathak. For nearly all engines, there is a gradual decline in precision at increasing cutoff after some initial fluctuation. Performance of the engines as a group is found to be inferior to the group of participants in the TREC-8 Large Web task, although the best engines approach the median of those systems. Shortcomings of current Web search evaluation methodology are identified and recommendations are made for future improvements. In particular, the present study and its predecessors deal with queries which are assumed to derive from a need to find a selection of documents relevant to a topic. By contrast, real Web search reflects a range of other information need types which require different judging and different measures.     

Medical history for tomorrow—preserving the record of today

This paper addresses the need to recognize the importance, and the challenges, of preserving the hugely expanding record of medicine today for historians of the future. We are faced not only with an increase in traditional publishing formats, but also with the rapid growth in electronic communications. Two celebrated medical cases, one from the late seventeenth century and one from the late twentieth, are used to illustrate the differences and the difficulties. The need for active and effective professional collaboration is stressed; libraries should work together to address these issues.