Professional development to increase teacher behavior‐specific praise: A single‐case design replication

Effective classroom instruction is contingent upon successful classroom management. Unfortunately, not all teachers successfully manage classroom behavior and need in‐service professional development. In this study, we replicated a targeted professional development approach that included a brief one‐on‐one training session and emailed visual performance feedback to increase novice teachers’ use of behavior‐specific praise, an evidence‐based classroom management skill. Dependent variables collected through direct observation included teachers’ behavior‐specific praise along with average student engagement and disruptions. Four elementary teachers participated and, based on a multiple‐baseline single‐case design, we found a functional relationship between the targeted professional development and teachers’ increased use of behavior‐specific praise. However, because of variability and one teacher's limited response, effect sizes were small for behavior‐specific praise and little change was observed in student behaviors. These findings warrant further research to determine which classroom management skills affect student behaviors overall, as well as continued evaluation of this professional development model and using school‐based coaches.     

如何让机器认出一只手

正本期关键词:从爱好到专家做科研并不是研究生的专利。校园里,有不少同学都在兴趣的驱动下,利用课余时间走进了实验室,做起了科研项目,有些人还取得了让人刮目相看的成绩。本期的主人公,就是那些从爱好者到专家的同学。2013年刚从清华大学物理系毕业的李诚,如今在清华大学东门外创办了一家公司,从事计算机视觉领域的研究。出于对人工智能的兴趣,学物理的李诚很早就开始研究机器学习(人工智能中改善计算机算法的学科)的相关内容,还参加过学校机器人足球队的研究团队。不过要说起计算机视觉研究领域的研究,还要从他大三的时候说起。     

The relation between classroom management and mathematics achievement: A multilevel structural equation model

The impact of teachers on their students’ academic achievement continues to be an area of inquiry. One area not fully explored is the relation between teachers’ behavior and classroom management (CM) skills, student motivation, and student achievement. We examined these relations using a multi‐level structural equation model. Data included Behavior Management subscale scores of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System for 247 fourth and fifth grade teachers, indicators of academic motivation, and end‐of‐year state standardized mathematics assessment results for 4,847 students from the National Center of Teacher Effectiveness Main Study. The results indicate teachers’ CM skills have a significant direct effect on student motivation and a significant indirect effect on students’ math achievement, suggesting that students in classrooms of teachers with better CM are more motivated to learn math and have higher math achievement scores. This underscores the importance of helping teachers increase their use of evidence‐based classroom management techniques.     

给Google挪个窝

微软的IE集合了网页搜索引擎,点击IE中的"搜索"按钮就能使用,但其搜索能力实在不怎么样,我们何不略施巧技,把Google这一强大的外援请到IE中来.     

冬训备赛期间优秀雪车运动员睡眠质量及影响因素

目的：本研究通过监测雪车运动员完整睡眠过程、睡前自主神经状态和心境状态(POMS),探究雪车运动员冬训备赛期间,睡前自主神经和POMS对睡眠质量的具体影响,为解决雪车运动员睡眠问题提供合理的方案。方法：研究对象为8名国际级健将雪车运动员。使用空气垫式睡眠监测仪监测睡眠完整过程,Polar心率胸带和Ignite手表监测睡前自主神经,POMS量表评价心境状态。对睡眠状态、自主神经和POMS使用Spearman相关分析和概要T检验进行分析。结果：雪车运动员睡眠质量与正常成年人相比,睡眠潜伏期偏长,浅睡眠占比过多,深睡眠占比过少,睡前交感神经占主导作用,消极情绪较多。经相关分析发现,总睡眠时长与疲劳值呈高度正相关;浅睡眠占比与副交感神经指数、RR间期(2个QRS波中R波之间的时间)连续差值的均方根、精力值呈高度负相关,与交感神经指数和平均心率呈高度正相关;觉醒期占比与低频功率(LF)呈高度正相关,与慌乱值呈高度负相关;睡眠潜伏期与高频功率(HF)呈极高度负相关,与LF/HF呈高度正相关。结论：雪车运动员冬训备赛期间的睡眠质量存在睡眠潜伏期长、浅睡眠占比过多、深睡眠占比过少的问题,可能与睡前交感神经占主导作用及消极情绪较多有一定关系。建议雪车运动员调整睡前自主神经状态,同时进行心理训练和心理疏导,以此提高睡眠质量,促进身体机能恢复。